学龄前儿童的临床和趾甲镜检查结果:观察研究

Ekalavya Bilkhiwal, Arun C Inamadar, Ajit B Janagond
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引用次数: 0

摘要

指甲检查在皮肤病中起着至关重要的作用。有指甲变化的儿童就诊次数较少。幼儿期的指甲症状可能预示着存在某种综合征或潜在的全身性疾病。 这项研究的目的是调查 5 岁以下患者出现指甲病变的频率。 这项研究涉及 368 名 5 岁以下的儿科患者。这是一项在皮肤科、妇产科和儿科进行的观察性研究。在进行全面指甲检查时,使用 Dermlite handyscope FFH2(×10 变焦)放大可见的指甲变化。 在 368 例患者中,男性 213 例,女性 155 例。患者的平均年龄为 22.74 个月(0-60 个月)。有 130 名患者(35.3%)发现了指甲病变。研究发现,123 例(33.42%)患者的指甲出现单个病变,5 例(1.35%)患者的指甲出现多个病变。临床上最常见的指甲病变是白色条纹(60 例,占 16.3%),其次是点状白斑(21 例,占 5.7%)、甲沟炎(13 例,占 3.5%)、假性甲沟炎(12 例,占 3.3%)、甲沟炎(7 例,占 1.9%)、博氏线(3 例,占 0.8%)和甲下血肿(3 例,占 0.8%)。中线管状甲营养不良、Muehrcke's 纹、糜烂性甲沟炎和点状甲沟炎各仅发现一例(0.3%)。 生理性指甲病变比病理性指甲病变更常见。使用甲状镜可以突出指甲变化的特征,从而更准确地识别指甲变化。
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Clinical and Onychoscopic Nail Findings in Preschool Children: An Observational Study
Nail examination plays a critical role in dermatologic conditions. Children with nail changes involve fewer physician consultations. Nail signs in early childhood can indicate the presence of a syndrome or underlying systemic disorder. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of nail findings in patients under 5 years of age. The study involved 368 pediatric patients under the age of 5 years. It was an observational study conducted in dermatology, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatric departments. A Dermlite handyscope FFH2 (×10 zoom) was used to magnify visible nail changes during a comprehensive nail examination. Out of 368 cases, 213 were male and 155 were female. The average age of the patients was 22.74 months (range: 0–60). Nail findings were observed in 130 (35.3%) patients. In the study, single nail changes were observed in 123 (33.42%), whereas multiple nail changes were seen in 5 (1.35%) patients. The most common clinical nail finding was white striations in 60 (16.3%) cases, followed by punctate leukonychia in 21 (5.7%), onychoschizia in 13 (3.5%), pseudohypertrophy of the hallux in 12 (3.3%), koilonychia in 7 (1.9%), Beau’s lines in 3 (0.8%), and subungual hematoma in 3 (0.8%) cases. Median canaliform nail dystrophy, Muehrcke’s lines, onychophagia, and pitting were found in only one case each (0.3%). Physiological nail findings were more prevalent than pathological ones. The use of an onychoscope facilitated a more precise identification of nail changes by highlighting their features.
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