人脑中广泛存在的感知相关信息随意识水平而变化

A. Vigotsky, R. Jabakhanji, Paulo Branco, Gian Domenico Iannetti, Marwan N. Baliki, A. V. Apkarian
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摘要

摘要 人脑是如何产生连贯、主观的感知--将黄色和长方形的视觉感官信息转化为对可食用香蕉的感知?这是一个难题。根据标准观点,在一组专用区域(使用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)时被识别为活跃的 "小块")的处理过程会产生知觉。在这里,我们发现特定刺激信息分布于整个大脑,从而揭示了一个新的组织概念。通过使用 fMRI,我们发现刺激特异性信息遍布整个新皮质,甚至在以前被认为是 "噪音 "的体素中也不例外,这对传统的分析方法提出了挑战。令人惊讶的是,这些刺激特异性信号也存在于皮层下和小脑中,并且可以从跨受试者变异中检测到。最后,我们观察到在初级和次级感觉皮层以外的脑区,刺激特异性信号也受到镇静水平的影响,这表明刺激特异性信号与感知而非感觉编码有关。我们假设,这些广泛的、刺激特异性的、与意识水平相关的信号可能是连贯和主观知觉的基础。
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Widespread, perception-related information in the human brain scales with levels of consciousness
Abstract How does the human brain generate coherent, subjective perceptions—transforming yellow and oblong visual sensory information into the perception of an edible banana? This is a hard problem. According to the standard viewpoint, processing in groups of dedicated regions—identified as active “blobs” when using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)—gives rise to perception. Here, we reveal a new organizational concept by discovering that stimulus-specific information distributed throughout the whole brain. Using fMRI, we found stimulus-specific information across the neocortex, even in voxels previously considered “noise,” challenging traditional analytical approaches. Surprisingly, these stimulus-specific signals were also present in the subcortex and cerebellum and could be detected from across-subject variances. Finally, we observed that stimulus-specific signal in brain regions beyond the primary and secondary sensory cortices is influenced by sedation levels, suggesting a connection to perception rather than sensory encoding. We hypothesize that these widespread, stimulus-specific, and consciousness level-dependent signals may underlie coherent and subjective perceptions.
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