Cellular V2X-Based Integrated Sensing and Communication System: Feasibility and Performance Analysis

Communication and sensing are basically required in intelligent transportation. The combination of two functions can provide a viable way in alleviating concerns about resource limitations. To achieve this, we propose an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system based on cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X). We first analyze the feasibility of new radio (NR) waveform for ISAC system. We discuss the possibility of reusing NR waveform for sensing based on current NR-V2X standards. Ambiguity function is calculated to investigate the sensing performance limitation of NR waveform. A C-V2X-based ISAC system is then designed to realize the two tasks in vehicular network simultaneously. We formulate an integrated framework of vehicular communication and automotive sensing using the already-existing NR-V2X network. Based on the proposed ISAC framework, we develop a receiver algorithm for target detection/estimation and communication with minor modifications. We evaluate the performance of the proposed ISAC system with communication throughput, detection probability, and range/velocity estimation accuracy. Simulations show that the proposed system achieves high reliability communication with 99.9999% throughput and high accuracy sensing with errors below 1 m and 1 m/s in vehicle scenarios.