利用细针抽吸液样本进行无标记表面增强拉曼光谱与机器学习以诊断甲状腺癌

Biosensors Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI:10.3390/bios14080372
Lili Gao, Siyi Wu, Puwasit Wongwasuratthakul, Zhou Chen, Wei Cai, Qinyu Li, Linley Li LIN
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引用次数: 0

摘要

甲状腺癌的发病率在全球范围内不断上升。细针穿刺(FNA)细胞学广泛应用于提取生物细胞样本,但目前的 FNA 细胞学耗费大量人力和时间,并可能导致假阴性结果。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)与机器学习算法相结合,有望用于癌症诊断。在这项研究中,我们利用甲状腺 FNA 冲洗液开发了一种无标记 SERS 液体活检方法,并将其与机器学习相结合,用于快速准确地诊断甲状腺癌。这些液体上清液与银纳米粒子胶体混合,分散在石英毛细管中进行 SERS 测量,以区分健康样本和恶性样本。我们收集了 36 份甲状腺 FNA 样品(18 份恶性和 18 份良性)的拉曼光谱,并比较了四种分类模型:主成分分析-线性判别分析(PCA-LDA)、随机森林(RF)、支持向量机(SVM)和卷积神经网络(CNN)。结果表明,CNN 算法最为精确,准确率高达 88.1%,灵敏度为 87.8%,接收者工作特征曲线下面积为 0.953。我们的方法简单、方便、经济。这项研究表明,由深度学习模型辅助的无标记 SERS 液体活检在甲状腺癌的早期检测和筛查方面大有可为。
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Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Machine Learning for the Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer by Using Fine-Needle Aspiration Liquid Samples
The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is widely applied with the use of extracted biological cell samples, but current FNA cytology is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and can lead to the risk of false-negative results. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with machine learning algorithms holds promise for cancer diagnosis. In this study, we develop a label-free SERS liquid biopsy method with machine learning for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of thyroid cancer by using thyroid FNA washout fluids. These liquid supernatants are mixed with silver nanoparticle colloids, and dispersed in quartz capillary for SERS measurements to discriminate between healthy and malignant samples. We collect Raman spectra of 36 thyroid FNA samples (18 malignant and 18 benign) and compare four classification models: Principal Component Analysis–Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The results show that the CNN algorithm is the most precise, with a high accuracy of 88.1%, sensitivity of 87.8%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.953. Our approach is simple, convenient, and cost-effective. This study indicates that label-free SERS liquid biopsy assisted by deep learning models holds great promise for the early detection and screening of thyroid cancer.
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