A Precise Review on Different Aspects of Free Space Optical Communication (FSOC) Systems

Radio frequency (RF) is perceived as one of the most popular wireless transmission candidate in the last decade however due to ever-increasing current generation bandwidth demands; it becomes incompetent to fulfil the requirements. A futuristic and high speed data transmission technique is replacing RF nowadays i.e. Free space optical communication (FSOC) because of its great potentials. Future generation communication systems require competent FSOC technology to sustain wireless traffic in 5G and 6G services. Because the features of FSOC and RF are complimentary, combining the two technologies is seen as a potential way to enable future communication systems. Hybrid RF/FSOC is a good way to overcome the limits of separate systems while still taking use of the beneficial aspects of each technology. Wireless systems use e.g. in hybrid RF/FSOC can increase individual network performance in terms of performance, dependability, and economical operations. In this work, a detailed review on FSOC systems is presented by doing the extensive literature review of reported research. Review covered key ideas consisting all sorts of FSOC systems, FSOC design with multiple and single beams, as part of the evaluation. The examination of rainfall and hazy effects on FSO signal transmission is also included in the review. The key benefits, future potential, and obstacles that must be addressed in order to successfully implement FSOC for 5G paradigms are presented.