Towards A Post-Quantum Cryptography in Blockchain I: Basic Review on Theoretical Cryptography and Quantum Information Theory

Recently, the invention of quantum computers was so revolutionary that they bring transformative challenges in a variety of fields, especially for the traditional cryptographic blockchain, and it may become a real thread for most of the cryptocurrencies in the market. That is, it becomes inevitable to consider to implement a post-quantum cryptography, which is also referred to as quantum-resistant cryptography, for attaining quantum resistance in blockchains.