多模光纤中的光孤子:最新进展

Mario Zitelli
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引用次数: 0

摘要

多模光纤中的光孤子早在 40 年前就已被预测,并得到了广泛的理论研究。在非线性多模光纤中进行的传输实验再次引起了人们的兴趣,因为它们具有扩展长距离传输系统容量的潜力;直到最近几年,新的实验才揭示了光孤子在梯度指数和阶梯指数多模光纤中传播时所具有的意想不到的特性,从而部分改写了现有理论。在此,我们将概述揭示这些新特性的最新实验、数值和理论研究。研究表明,多模光纤孤子的形成具有特定的脉冲宽度和能量,与波长有关,并自然地向基模拉曼孤子演化。还将解释由模态色散控制的新孤子裂变机制。还将讨论在空间分复用系统中的可能应用。此外,还将介绍孤子凝聚的最新热力学方法。
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Optical solitons in multimode fibers: recent advances
Optical solitons in multimode fibers were predicted 40 years ago and extensively investigated theoretically. Transmission experiments in nonlinear multimode fibers have gained renewed interest, motivated by their potential to extend the capacity of long-distance transmission systems; only in the last few years, new experiments have revealed unexpected properties of optical solitons propagating in graded-index and step-index multimode fibers, partially re-writing the existing theory. Here we provide an overview of the recent experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies that revealed those new properties. It will be shown that multimode fiber solitons form with specific pulse width and energy dependent on the wavelength, and that they naturally evolve toward fundamental-mode Raman solitons. New soliton fission mechanisms, governed by the modal dispersion, will be explained. Possible applications in space-division multiplexed systems will be discussed. A recent thermodynamic approach to soliton condensation will be described.
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