An optimized approach with 128-bit key management for IoT-enabled smart grid: enhancing efficiency, security, and sustainability

In the swiftly evolving arena of energy management and distribution, the integration of internet of things (IoT) technology stands as a dynamic promoter, especially within the environment of smart grid systems. Smart grids use IoT-enabled sensors to facilitate the seamless exchange of critical information through web applications and the internet, ushering in an era of enhanced grid management. These systems represent a critical aspect of modern energy infrastructure, aiming to address pressing issues such as energy efficiency, sustainability, and reliability. This integration ensures cost-effectiveness, intelligent features, and reliability while reducing the need for human intervention. IoT in smart grids emphasizes two-way communication among various devices and components. This proposed presents a novel approach to smart grid systems incorporating renewable photovoltaic (PV) and wind systems, alongside battery storage. Continuous monitoring of parameters such as V_PV, I_PV, V_DC, V_g, I_g and battery state-of-charge (SOC) is crucial for optimizing system performance. To transmit this data efficiently, suitable protocols are required. In this work, hybrid Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System-Sea Lion Optimization (ANFIS-SLnO) for effective data routing, which results in improved energy efficiency, and network lifetime. Moreover, a robust key management using 128-bit cryptography keys is implemented for secured data transfer, assuring data integrity, authentication, and enhanced protection. The outcomes of proposed smart grid system are evaluated using MATLAB and the parameters monitored using sensors is displayed via the Adafruit web application. In comparative evaluations, the proposed approach consistently outperforms existing methods, establishing itself as an efficient and resilient solution for secure data transfer within smart grids with a reduced delay of 0.10 s and packet loss of 3.54%. The time taken by the proposed work for encryption and decryption are given by 0.0022 s and 0.00315 s, respectively.