Highly efficient catalytic conversion of polysulfides: iron-based oxides

Amidst the rapid expansion of the new energy sector, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have garnered significant interest due to their high energy density and eco-friendliness. However, challenges such as the shuttle effect have hindered Li–S batteries from realizing their full potential. To address the shuttle effect and its associated issues, researchers have embarked on material studies using various approaches. This review presents recent progress in the study of catalysts based on iron-containing oxides, highlighting key advancements in the field. Initially, it elucidates the catalytic mechanisms of iron-based oxides, encompassing physical confinement, chemical adsorption, and catalysis. Subsequently, it delves into the meticulous design and optimization of catalysts employing five strategies: structural engineering, oxygen vacancy manipulation, heterostructure formation, heteroatom doping, and energy band engineering. Lastly, it offers a concise summary and future outlook on iron-based oxide catalysts.