Barriers to, Facilitators of, and Interventions to Support Treat-to-Target Implementation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Treat-to-target (T2T) is recommended in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but its implementation is suboptimal. We aimed to identify interventional strategies targeted at improving T2T implementation in RA by systematically reviewing published evidence on barriers to, facilitators of, and interventions to support T2T implementation.

Methods: Systematic and scoping literature searches in PubMed/MEDLINE®, BIOSIS Previews®, Derwent Drug File, Embase®, EMCare®, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and SciSearch® were conducted to identify barriers/facilitators and interventions relating to T2T implementation in RA. The quality of included studies was assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists. Data related to barriers/facilitators and interventions were extracted, grouped, and summarized descriptively, and a narrative synthesis was generated.

Results: In total, 146 articles were analyzed, of which 123 (84%) included ≥50% of the items assessed by CASP checklists. Of the 146 studies, 76 evaluated T2T barriers and facilitators, from which 329 relevant statements were identified and regrouped into 18 target areas, including: healthcare professionals' (HCPs') or patients' knowledge or perceptions; patient-HCP communication or alignment; and time or resources. Overall, 56 interventions were identified from 70 studies across the 18 target areas; 54% addressed disease activity or patient-reported outcome assessments. Of the 56 interventions identified, 36 improved T2T implementation and/or patient outcomes in RA.

Conclusion: Despite long-established T2T recommendations, there remain many barriers to its implementation. Interventions to improve T2T should be developed further and assessed, with a particular focus on tailoring them to individual countries, regions, and healthcare settings.