探索年龄和性别对中老年自闭症成人感官敏感性的影响

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102460

Rebecca A. Charlton , Goldie A. McQuaid , Gregory L. Wallace

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引用次数: 0

摘要

虽然感觉敏感在自闭症患者中很常见，但很少有研究探讨老龄化会对他们产生怎样的影响。人们对自闭症患者成年后的经历或出生时被分配为女性的人的经历知之甚少。一些研究结果表明，出生时被指定为女性的自闭症患者会报告更多的感官敏感性，但对于出生时被指定为女性的中老年自闭症患者的经历却知之甚少。本研究探讨了 210 名 42-80 岁自闭症患者自我报告的感觉敏感度和感觉敏锐度。通过相关分析和回归分析研究了年龄与感觉敏感度之间的关系，并通过 t 检验探讨了出生时性别分配的差异。虽然年龄越大，感觉敏锐度越差，但年龄与感觉敏锐度之间没有明显的相关性。视觉和听觉敏锐度较差与感觉敏感度较高有关。出生时被分配为女性的人在总体感觉敏感度和低温/疼痛耐受力方面得分较高。在解释总体感觉敏感度的回归模型中，出生时性别分配、感觉敏锐度和年龄-x-感觉敏锐度交互项均有显著贡献，但年龄没有显著贡献。这项横断面研究表明，感觉敏感度在中年和老年时期是稳定的。研究结果与以往针对年轻人的研究形成鲜明对比，后者认为随着年龄的增长，感觉敏感度会降低。与对年轻人的研究结果一致，出生时被指定为女性的中老年自闭症患者的感觉敏感度高于出生时被指定为男性的同龄自闭症患者。如果对个人感官敏感性变化的进一步研究能够复制这些结果，那么它们将有助于了解老年自闭症患者的护理需求。

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Exploring the effects of age and sex on sensory sensitivities in middle and older aged autistic adults

Purpose

Although sensory sensitivities are common among autistic people, few studies have explored how they may be impacted by ageing. Little is known about the experiences of autistic people across adulthood or about the experiences of people assigned female-at-birth. Some results suggest that autistic people assigned female-at-birth report more sensory sensitivities, but little is known about experiences in middle-aged and older autistic people assigned female-at-birth.

Methods

This study explored self-reported sensory sensitivities and sensory acuity in 210 autistic people aged 42–80 years old. Associations between age and sensory sensitivities were examined using correlational and regression analyses, and t-tests explored differences based on sex-assigned-at-birth.

Results

No significant correlation was observed between age and sensory sensitivities, although older age was associated with poorer sensory acuity. Poorer acuity in vision and hearing was associated with more sensory sensitivities. People assigned female-at-birth reported higher scores for overall sensory sensitivities and low temperature/pain tolerance. Sex-assigned-at-birth, sensory acuity and an age-x-sensory acuity interaction term contributed significantly to a regression model explaining overall sensory sensitivity, but age did not contribute significantly.

Conclusion

This cross-sectional study suggests that sensory sensitivities are stable across middle-age and older adulthood. Results contrast with previous studies in young adults which have suggested reduction in sensory sensitivities with age. In keeping with studies of younger people, middle-age and older autistic adults assigned female-at-birth report higher rates of sensory sensitivities than comparably aged autistic adults assigned male-at-birth. If further studies examining individual change in sensory sensitives replicate these results, then they may contribute to understanding care needs of autistic older people.

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来源期刊

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders Multiple-

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

8.00%

发文量

108

期刊介绍： Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders (RASD) publishes high quality empirical articles and reviews that contribute to a better understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) at all levels of description; genetic, neurobiological, cognitive, and behavioral. The primary focus of the journal is to bridge the gap between basic research at these levels, and the practical questions and difficulties that are faced by individuals with ASD and their families, as well as carers, educators and clinicians. In addition, the journal encourages submissions on topics that remain under-researched in the field. We know shamefully little about the causes and consequences of the significant language and general intellectual impairments that characterize half of all individuals with ASD. We know even less about the challenges that women with ASD face and less still about the needs of individuals with ASD as they grow older. Medical and psychological co-morbidities and the complications they bring with them for the diagnosis and treatment of ASD represents another area of relatively little research. At RASD we are committed to promoting high-quality and rigorous research on all of these issues, and we look forward to receiving many excellent submissions.