Participation of women in clinical studies of atrial fibrillation in the Northern Netherlands.

Introduction: Concerns exist of women underrepresentation in atrial fibrillation (AF) studies, potentially limiting the generalisability of study findings to women with AF. We assessed the participation of women in AF clinical studies performed at a tertiary care centre in the Northern Netherlands.

Methods: Eight AF clinical studies with screening logs were available for analysis. To identify sex-specific differences, patient inclusion and exclusion and reasons for exclusion were assessed. Participation-to-prevalence ratios (PPRs) were calculated to evaluate the representation of women in the studies relative to the AF sex distribution of the general population in the Netherlands (2019 Global Burden of Disease study).

Results: We included 1739 screened patients with AF in the analysis, of whom 722 (41.5%) were women. Of the patients screened, 161 (9%) were enrolled. Median age of screened patients was 69 years (interquartile range (IQR): 61-77), and women were older than men (71 years; IQR: 63-79 vs 68 years; IQR: 60-75; p < 0.001). Women were not underscreened compared with men (PPR: 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.10), disproportionally excluded (92% vs 90%; p = 0.10) or less willing to participate (17% vs 15%; p = 0.36). Women had an overall PPR of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.05-1.06) compared with the general AF population.

Conclusion: At our tertiary hospital in the Northern Netherlands, women appeared to be well-represented in AF studies. The current study advocates for the adoption of a more comprehensive measure of equity, such as the PPR, and screening log evaluation to improve the generalisability of study findings to the entire clinical AF population.