Jaw–neck motor function 2 years after whiplash trauma

Background

There is limited knowledge about the possible long-term effects on jaw motor function after whiplash trauma.

Objectives

The primary aim was to evaluate integrated jaw and head–neck movement amplitudes during jaw function in individuals 2 years after whiplash trauma, compared to controls. The secondary aim was to evaluate changes between the acute stage and a 2-year follow-up in terms of jaw and head–neck movement amplitudes during jaw function.

Methods

This study included 28 cases exposed to a whiplash trauma 2 years earlier (13 women) and 28 controls (13 women) without previous neck trauma. Head and jaw movement amplitudes were recorded during maximal jaw opening–closing movements using an optoelectronic 3D recording system. For a subpopulation of 12 cases and 15 controls, recordings had also been performed in the acute stage after the whiplash trauma. Jaw and head movement amplitudes were analysed using linear regression with group and sex as independent variables. The subpopulation longitudinal analysis was adjusted for movement amplitudes at baseline.

Results

Jaw movement amplitudes were significantly associated with group (coefficient: −0.359: 95% CI: −10.70 to −1.93, p = .006) with smaller amplitudes of jaw movements for whiplash cases. Head movement amplitudes were not associated with group (coefficient: −0.051, 95% CI: −4.81 to 3.20, p = .687). In the longitudinal analysis, both jaw and head movement amplitudes showed significant associations between baseline and the 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion

The present findings indicate that the effects on jaw function in terms of jaw opening capacity in the acute stage after whiplash trauma do not spontaneously recover.