用流式细胞术鉴定 COVID-19 和 SARS-CoV-2 感染急性后遗症中细胞外囊泡的特征

Marialaura Fanelli, Vita Petrone, Rossella Chirico, Claudia Maria Radu, A. Minutolo, Claudia Matteucci
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摘要

感染 SARS-CoV-2(导致 COVID-19 疾病的病毒)会影响不同的组织,并诱发重大的细胞变化。在 COVID-19 期间,细胞外囊泡 (EV) 的产生也会发生改变,细胞质细胞器的功能也会失调。由于循环中的EV反映了其来源细胞的状态,因此它们是监测病理状况的重要工具。尽管由于EVs的大小和特定的细胞区系来源,使用不同的方法检测EVs存在挑战,但流式细胞术已被证明是评估EVs在COVID-19中作用的有效方法。本综述总结了COVID-19患者和受SARS-CoV-2感染急性后遗症(PASC)影响的长COVID(LC)患者体内浆细胞EVs的参与情况,强调了它们在发挥促病毒和抗病毒作用方面的双重作用。我们还强调了流式细胞术及其多参数方法如何用于描述循环 EVs 的特征,特别是在 COVID-19 等传染性疾病中,并提出了它们在感染后慢性损伤中的潜在作用。
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Flow cytometry for extracellular vesicle characterization in COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 diseases, can impact different tissues and induce significant cellular alterations. The production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are physiologically involved in cell communication, is also altered during COVID-19, along with the dysfunction of cytoplasmic organelles. Since circulating EVs reflect the state of their cells of origin, they represent valuable tools for monitoring pathological conditions. Despite challenges in detecting EVs due to their size and specific cellular compartment origin using different methodologies, flow cytometry has proven to be an effective method for assessing the role of EVs in COVID-19. This review summarizes the involvement of plasmatic EVs in COVID-19 patients and individuals with Long COVID (LC) affected by post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), highlighting their dual role in exerting both pro- and antiviral effects. We also emphasize how flow cytometry, with its multiparametric approach, can be employed to characterize circulating EVs, particularly in infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and suggest their potential role in chronic impairments during post-infection.
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