Wastewater treatment using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

Water is an indispensable element for all forms of life, constituting a defining characteristic of our planet and the human body. The presence of hazardous contaminants, including emerging contaminants, heavy metal ions, and organic dyes, poses a significant threat to water supplies due to their acute toxicity and carcinogenic properties. Presently, researchers are channeling considerable efforts toward developing novel techniques, improving existing methods, and providing enduring ecologically friendly solutions to address water pollution challenges. Consequently, there is a pressing need to transform wastewater into a valuable water resource, emphasizing the imperative of optimal reuse. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent intricate structures comprising metal ions or clusters intricately linked by organic connectors, forming one or more dimensions. Numerous MOFs have demonstrated efficacy in wastewater treatment due to their expansive surface area, crystalline structure, substantial pore size, and tunability. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the synthesis, structure, classification, and properties of MOFs. Furthermore, it explores diverse applications and meticulously examines factors influencing adsorption. Finally, a thorough discussion is provided regarding the current challenges and future prospects associated with utilizing MOFs in water treatment processes.