Nasal cartilage tissue engineering materials based on 3D bioprinting: Seed cells and dECM

The nasal cartilage plays a crucial role in supporting the nose and facilitating respiration, however has a limited regenerative capabilities once damaged. Nasal cartilage tissue engineering presents a promising avenue for addressing cartilage lesions and regeneration. Additionally, surgical procedures such as tumor removal, trauma reconstruction, or rhinoplasty require the surgeon to meticulously shape the cartilage to conform to the patient's individual contours, a task that is both time-consuming and challenging. The advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology provides a potential solution to this predicament, as it enables the precise fabrication of intricate and personalized tissue constructs. Furthermore, the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with native 3D structures and various bioactive components, which mimic an optimal non-immune environment combined with the seed cell, especially stem cell-recellularized construct, is considered an ideal choice for regenerating functional organs/tissues. In view of this, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the 3D bioprinting technologies and seed cells and dECM biomaterials for 3D bioprinting nasal cartilage tissue engineering, and look forward to the application prospect of 3D bioprinting of nasal cartilage regeneration research.