Unveiling Mispricing Risks: Nonlarge Homogeneous Portfolio Factor Copula Models for Enhanced Valuation of Subordinated Loan Securitization

This paper presents an innovative factor copula model for collateralized loan obligation (CLO) tranche valuation, incorporating non-Gaussian distributions and dynamic correlations without relying on the large homogeneous portfolio (LHP) assumption. Through numerical analyses and comparisons with LHP models, I find that non-LHP models produce higher tranche spreads, especially for lower-rated tranches. Sensitivity analysis reveals varying sensitivities to changes in the number of collaterals, risk-free rate, average collateral ratings, recovery rates, and time to maturity. The non-LHP one-factor copula models, including stochastic correlation and random factor loading models, outperform LHP models in root mean squared errors when calibrated to market data. The results underscore the importance of considering model limitations in CLO tranche pricing and highlight potential mispricing of spread risk in higher-rated tranches using LHP models. The proposed models contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of CLO tranche pricing by accounting for various factors and assumptions influencing fair premiums.