用自然换取基于自然的解决方案:野生动物、木材和碳森林管理的生物经济学

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.4963
Jonah Ury, Matthew J. Kotchen, Oswald J. Schmitz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

以自然为基础的解决方案因其利用生态过程作为在森林生态系统中捕获和储存碳的成本效益高且安全的方法的潜力而备受关注。这些解决方案通常需要在对其他生态系统服务(包括野生动物和木材生产)已有较长时间价值的景观中实施。在此,我们开发了一个综合模型,该模型说明了景观空间相互竞争的价值之间会产生的内在权衡,以及如何解决这些问题。该分析描述了北方森林生态系统的动态特征,涉及一个完整的北方生态系统(又称 "自然")的主要营养区之间的相互作用。该模型考虑了通过林木(木材)生物量增长造成的碳积累、驼鹿食草(随驼鹿种群密度变化而变化)控制造成的碳损失以及土壤碳输入和释放,这些因素共同决定了生态系统的碳汇强度。我们将生态动态与经济分析联系起来,为完整的北方森林生态系统中储存的碳定价。然后,我们将这些碳影响与一系列驼鹿种群密度下的木材生产和狩猎经济效益进行权衡。综合来看,该碳-生物经济方案计算了模拟北方森林系统的生态系统总效益,为研究在不同的碳定价水平下,不同的森林采伐量和驼鹿密度如何影响碳储存目标的实现提供了一个框架。分析表明,仅仅为了碳储存而推广基于自然的解决方案,可能会因生态系统中营养结构和关键功能控制的丧失而导致 "自然 "的关键部分丧失。
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Trading off nature for nature-based solutions: The bioeconomics of forest management for wildlife, timber, and carbon

Nature-based solutions are attracting interest for their potential to enlist ecological processes as cost-effective and safe ways to capture and store carbon in forest ecosystems. Such solutions often need to be implemented in landscapes in which there are longer established values for other ecosystem services including wildlife and timber production. Here we develop an integrative model that illustrates the inherent trade-offs that will arise among the competing values for landscape space and how to resolve them. The analysis characterizes boreal forest ecosystem dynamics involving interactions among the main trophic compartments of an intact boreal ecosystem, aka “nature.” The model accounts for carbon accumulation via biomass growth of forest trees (timber), carbon loss due to controls from moose herbivory that varies with moose population density (hunting), and soil carbon inputs and release, which together determine the carbon sink strength of the ecosystem. We link the ecological dynamics with an economic analysis by assigning a price to carbon stored within the intact boreal forest ecosystem. We then weigh these carbon impacts against the economic benefits of timber production and hunting across a range of moose population densities. Combined, this carbon-bioeconomic program calculates the total ecosystem benefit of a modeled boreal forest system, providing a framework for examining how different forest harvest and moose densities influence the achievement of carbon storage targets, under different levels of carbon pricing. The analysis shows that promoting nature-based solutions merely for carbon storage may result in loss of a key part of “nature” via loss of the trophic structure and key functional controls in the ecosystem.

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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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