Investigation of the determination of nuclear deformation using high-energy heavy-ion scattering

Background: Nuclear deformation provides a crucial characteristic of nuclear structure. Conventionally, the quadrupole deformation length of a nucleus, ${\delta }_2$, has often been determined based on a macroscopic model through a deformed nuclear potential with the deformation length ${\delta }_2^{\left(\mathrm{pot}\right)}$, which is determined to reproduce the nuclear scattering data. This approach assumes ${\delta }_2={\delta }_2^{\left(\mathrm{pot}\right)}$ although there is no theoretical foundation.