双淬火混合钢老化过程中 NiAl 沉淀的现场测量结果

Magnus Hörnqvist Colliander, Steve Ooi, Kristina Lindgren, Timo Müller, Mattias Thuvander
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摘要

现代双硬化钢的性能主要依赖于制造和热处理过程中良好的析出过程。本文采用高能同步辐射 X 射线衍射和小角散射相结合的方法,研究了最近开发的双硬化钢在时效过程中金属间 β-NiAl 的析出。研究了加热速率和时效温度对两种合金(混合 55 和混合 60)的析出动力学和晶格失配的影响。析出在加热过程中就已经开始,通常在 450 °C 至 500 °C 的温度范围内。与 545 °C相比,两种钢材在 570 °C时的析出过程明显更快,在 545 °C的时效过程中,数量密度在 1 小时内达到最大值,在 570 °C的时效过程中,数量密度在 15 分钟内达到最大值。加热速度的影响是有限的,但在混合动力 60 中,当使用较慢的加热速度时,加热过程中的沉淀会增加。这导致在随后的老化过程中体积分数略有增加,但并不影响粒度。在老化过程中,β-NiAl 与基体之间的晶格失配最初会随着时间的推移而迅速发展,这可能是由于 β 相的化学性质在发展,直到达到约 1.5 纳米的粒度,然后达到饱和。饱和后,晶格失配很小,但为正值,且与冷却过程中的温度无关。
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In Situ Measurements of NiAl Precipitation During Aging of Dual Hardening Hybrid Steels

The performance of modern dual hardening steels strongly relies on a well-controlled precipitation processes during manufacturing and heat treatment. Here, the precipitation of intermetallic β-NiAl in recently developed dual hardening steels has been investigated during aging using combined high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering. The effects of heating rate and aging temperature on the precipitation kinetics and lattice mismatch in two alloys (Hybrid 55 and Hybrid 60) were studied. Precipitation starts already during heating, typically in the temperature range 450 °C to 500 °C. The precipitation process is significantly faster at 570 °C compared to 545 °C for both steel grades, and the number density reaches its maximum already within 1 hours during aging at 545 °C and within 15 minutes during aging at 570 °C. The effect of heating rate is limited, but the precipitation during heating increases in Hybrid 60 when slower heating rate is used. This led to slightly higher volume fractions during subsequent aging, but did not affect the particle size. The lattice mismatch between β-NiAl and the matrix initially develops rapidly with time during aging, presumably due to a developing chemistry of the β phase, until a particle size of around 1.5 nm is reached, whereafter it saturates. After saturation, the lattice mismatch is small, but positive, and independent of temperature during cooling.

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