Treatment and prevention of recurrent urolithiasis: Insights on molecular mechanism of occurrence and medical care

Urolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, affects a significant portion of the global population. This disease raises the risk of urinary tract infections and kidney failure. According to the WHO study, the anticipated incidence ranges from 1 to 13 percent in different parts of the globe. The recurrence rate of kidney stones is significant. There are effective treatment options, preventative strategies are needed for both new and reoccurring stones to lessen the financial and bodily consequences of urolithiasis. Recent research shows that how common urolithiasis is in both genders changes over time. Males over 35 now have a greater lifetime risk of developing urolithiasis than they did previously. This increased risk is attributed to the influence of sex hormones on urolithiasis. A large majority of scientific and clinical urology research, especially related to renal conditions, concentrates on the diagnosis and treatment of the ailment, with minimal focus on its etiology or recurrence prevention. This study aimed to offer a holistic assessment of the causes and processes of stone formation, metabolic abnormalities, and particularly preventative ways of disease recurrence. This study also advances public understanding of the connection between urolithiasis and dietary, fluid intake, and lifestyle decisions.