A strategy to drive nanoflow using Laplace pressure and the end effect

Nanofluidics holds significant potential across diverse fields, including energy, environment, and biotechnology. Nevertheless, the fundamental driving mechanisms on the nanoscale remain elusive, underscoring the crucial importance of exploring nanoscale driving techniques. This study introduces a Laplace pressure-driven flow method that is accurately controlled and does not interfere with interfacial dynamics. Here, we first confirmed the applicability of the Young–Laplace equation for droplet radii ranging from 1 to 10 nm. Following that, a steady-state liquid flow within the carbon nanotube was attained in molecular dynamics simulations. This flow was driven by the Laplace pressure difference across the nanochannel, which originated from two liquid droplets of unequal sizes positioned at the channel ends, respectively. Furthermore, we employ the Sampson formula to rectify the end effect, ultimately deriving a theoretical model to quantify the flow rate, which satisfactorily describes the molecular dynamics simulation results. This research enhances our understanding on the driving mechanisms of nanoflows, providing valuable insights for further exploration in fluid dynamics on the nanoscale.