Yunpeng Shan, Jiwen Fan, Kai Zhang, Jacob Shpund, Christopher Terai, Guang J. Zhang, Xiaoliang Song, Chih-Chieh-Jack Chen, Wuyin Lin, Xiaohong Liu, Manish Shrivastava, Hailong Wang, Shaocheng Xie
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引用次数: 0
摘要
许多地球系统模式在大气顶部(TOA)表现出过高的气溶胶有效强迫,包括能源部的能源超大规模地球系统模式(ESM)。这里,在 E3SM 第 3 版工作的背景下,预测粒子特性(P3)层状云微物理方案和增强型深对流参数化套件(ZM_plus)被实施到 E3SM 中。ZM_plus 包括对流云微物理方案、中尺度对流系统多尺度相干结构参数化,以及考虑到大尺度环境影响的修订云基质量通量公式。P3 方案尤其改善了北半球的云和辐射,并提高了热带地区的强降水频率,而 ZM_plus 则改善了热带地区的云。P3 将气溶胶有效强迫降低了 0.15 W m-2,而 ZM_plus 则增加了 0.27 W m-2,导致过多的直接强迫(0.31 W m-2)和间接强迫(-1.79 W m-2)。气溶胶强迫过高的原因是气溶胶湿去除不足导致的气溶胶高估。通过改进气溶胶湿去除的物理处理,我们可以有效缓解人为气溶胶高估,从而减弱直接(0.09 W m-2)和间接气溶胶强迫(-1.52 W m-2)。对初级有机物吸湿性的调整将直接和间接强迫降低到更合理的值:分别为-0.13 W m-2 和 -1.31 W m-2。在气候学方面,气溶胶处理的改进减轻了对气溶胶光学深度的高估。
Improving Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate in E3SM: Impacts of New Cloud Microphysics and Improved Wet Removal Treatments
Numerous Earth system models exhibit excessive aerosol effective forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), including the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). Here, in the context of the E3SM version 3 effort, the predicted particle property (P3) stratiform cloud microphysics scheme and an enhanced deep convection parameterization suite (ZM_plus) are implemented into E3SM. The ZM_plus includes a convective cloud microphysics scheme, a multi-scale coherent structure parameterization for mesoscale convective systems, and a revised cloud base mass flux formulation considering impacts of the large-scale environment. The P3 scheme improved cloud and radiation particularly over the Northern Hemisphere and the frequency of heavy precipitation over the tropics, and the ZM_plus improved clouds in the tropics. P3 decreases aerosol effective forcing by 0.15 W m−2, while the ZM_plus increases it by 0.27 W m−2, resulting from excessive direct (0.31 W m−2) and indirect forcing (−1.79 W m−2). The excessive aerosol forcings are due to aerosol overestimation associated with insufficient aerosol wet removal. By improving the physical treatments in the aerosol wet removal, we effectively mitigate anthropogenic aerosol overestimation and thus attenuate direct (0.09 W m−2) and indirect aerosol forcing (−1.52 W m−2). Adjustment to primary organic matter hygroscopicity reduces direct and indirect forcing to more reasonable values: −0.13 W m−2 and −1.31 W m−2, respectively. On climatology, improved aerosol treatments mitigate overestimation of aerosol optical depth.
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