脂肪酶受激素的不同调节,以维持昆虫大脑发育所需的游离脂肪酸平衡。

IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1186/s12915-024-01973-3
Yan-Xue Li, Qiao Yan, Tian-Wen Liu, Jin-Xing Wang, Xiao-Fan Zhao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:游离脂肪酸(FFAs)在生物体内作为能量来源和底物发挥着重要作用;然而,调节摄食和非摄食阶段等不同情况下FFA水平平衡的分子机制尚未完全阐明。全代谢昆虫在幼虫摄食期消化食物中的甘油三酯(TAGs),并在停止摄食后的变态期降解脂肪体中储存的TAGs,这为本研究提供了一个合适的模型:本研究以鳞翅目昆虫棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)为模型,报道了两种脂肪酶受激素的不同调控,在取食和非取食阶段维持 FFA 水平的平衡。与人类胰脂肪酶(PTL)相关的脂肪酶成员H-A-like(Lha-like)在摄食期的中肠中大量表达,而与人类单酰甘油脂肪酶(MGL)相关的单酰甘油脂肪酶ABHD12-like(Abhd12-like)在非摄食期的脂肪体中大量表达。Lha-like受幼年激素(JH)通过JH胞内受体甲氧苄啶耐受性1(MET1)上调,Abhd12-like受20-羟基蜕皮激素(20E)通过叉头盒O(FOXO)转录因子上调。Lha-like的敲除降低了血淋巴中的FFA水平,并减少了脂肪体中的TAG水平。此外,脂滴(LDs)变小,脑形态异常,脑体积变小,幼虫表现出化蛹延迟、蛹体变小和组织重塑延迟的表型。Abhd12-like的敲除降低了血淋巴中的FFA水平,但脂肪体中的TAG水平却增加了,LD仍然很大。大脑的发育在幼虫期停止,幼虫表现出延迟化蛹表型和延迟组织重塑:结论:不同激素对脂肪酶表达的不同调控决定了昆虫在摄食幼虫生长和非摄食变态阶段脂肪体内FFAs的平衡和不同的TAG水平。FFAs的平衡支持着昆虫的生长、大脑发育和变态。
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Lipases are differentially regulated by hormones to maintain free fatty acid homeostasis for insect brain development.

Background: Free fatty acids (FFAs) play vital roles as energy sources and substrates in organisms; however, the molecular mechanism regulating the homeostasis of FFA levels in various circumstances, such as feeding and nonfeeding stages, is not fully clarified. Holometabolous insects digest dietary triglycerides (TAGs) during larval feeding stages and degrade stored TAGs in the fat body during metamorphosis after feeding cessation, which presents a suitable model for this study.

Results: This study reported that two lipases are differentially regulated by hormones to maintain the homeostasis of FFA levels during the feeding and nonfeeding stages using the lepidopteran insect cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera as a model. Lipase member H-A-like (Lha-like), related to human pancreatic lipase (PTL), was abundantly expressed in the midgut during the feeding stage, while the monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD12-like (Abhd12-like), related to human monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), was abundantly expressed in the fat body during the nonfeeding stage. Lha-like was upregulated by juvenile hormone (JH) via the JH intracellular receptor methoprene-tolerant 1 (MET1), and Abhd12-like was upregulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) via forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor. Knockdown of Lha-like decreased FFA levels in the hemolymph and reduced TAG levels in the fat body. Moreover, lipid droplets (LDs) were small, the brain morphology was abnormal, the size of the brain was small, and the larvae showed the phenotype of delayed pupation, small pupae, and delayed tissue remodeling. Knockdown of Abhd12-like decreased FFA levels in the hemolymph; however, TAG levels increased in the fat body, and LDs remained large. The development of the brain was arrested at the larval stage, and the larvae showed a delayed pupation phenotype and delayed tissue remodeling.

Conclusions: The differential regulation of lipases expression by different hormones determines FFAs homeostasis and different TAG levels in the fat body during the feeding larval growth and nonfeeding stages of metamorphosis in the insect. The homeostasis of FFAs supports insect growth, brain development, and metamorphosis.

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来源期刊
BMC Biology
BMC Biology 生物-生物学
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
1.90%
发文量
260
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: BMC Biology is a broad scope journal covering all areas of biology. Our content includes research articles, new methods and tools. BMC Biology also publishes reviews, Q&A, and commentaries.
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