Adaptive power flow analysis for power system operation based on graph deep learning

Conventional model-driven methods are hard to handle large-scale power flow with multivariate uncertainty, variable topology, and massive real-time repetitive calculations. With the ability to deal with non-Euclidean graph-structured power system data, graph deep learning shows great potential in modern power flow calculation. However, general graph deep learning based power flow calculation has limited adaptability because of its sole mapping of node information and black-box attributes. In this paper, an edge graph attention network based power flow calculation (EGAT-PFC) model is proposed with improved adaptability for power flow analysis of complex system scenarios. First, the dual-model structure of the node model and edge model is constructed to realize a complete power flow mapping covering all information in power systems. Second, an improved learnable attention coefficient mechanism fusing node and edge features is proposed to ensure global information can be completely considered. Third, mechanisms of extended first-order neighborhood, dynamic normalization, and regularization-based loss function are designed to improve training performance. Finally, visualized interpretability is developed to show valuable information of vulnerable nodes and lines of power system operation. The numerical simulation verifies that EGAT-PFC has high accuracy, fast mapping, as well as excellent adaptability to variable topologies.