Heterogeneous Integration of Diamond

The heterogeneous integration of materials offers new paradigms in many extreme applications, where single materials cannot solve the problem alone. Diamond has a plethora of superlative properties that make it attractive in a diverse array of applications, such as its unique combination of unrivalled thermal conductivity combined with high electrical impedance; single photon emission at room temperature; superlative acoustic wave velocity, and Debye temperature. Most of these properties are directly related to diamond’s atomically dense lattice of light carbon atoms, which has consequences such as difficulty in doping diamond n-type and low thermal coefficient of thermal expansion. This last property presents a significant problem for the growth of diamond on nondiamond materials as the linear coefficients of thermal expansion of other materials are often several times larger than diamond.