Comparative analysis of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 gene expression and anti-PGL-1 antibodies in multibacillary leprosy and household contacts.

Leprosy continues to pose a significant challenge to public health, particularly in certain global regions. Accurate diagnosis and understanding of the disease's etiology are crucial for effective management and prevention. This study aimed to explore the contribution of Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) and its genetic variations, as well as the levels of anti-PGL-1 antibodies, to the pathology of multibacillary leprosy in affected individuals and their household contacts. The study included 23 multibacillary leprosy patients and 28 household contacts. NRAMP1 protein expression and anti-PGL-1 IgG and IgM levels were measured using PCR and ELISA techniques, respectively. Genotypic variants of the NRAMP1 gene were also examined. Statistical analyses, including Mann-Whitney tests and univariate logistic regression, were employed to evaluate the data. Significant differences were observed in NRAMP1 protein expression and IgG and IgM levels between the patient and household contact groups. The study also highlighted the role of the NRAMP1 gene and its D543N and 3'UTR polymorphisms in leprosy susceptibility. No significant differences were observed in the genotype variants of INT4 between the two groups. These findings emphasize the potential of integrating PCR technology with serological tests to enhance diagnostic precision in leprosy. They also suggest the need for further research to clarify the role of NRAMP1 and its polymorphisms in leprosy susceptibility and resistance.