Graziella D'Arrigo, Samar Abd El Hafeez, Sabrina Mezzatesta, Domenico Abelardo, Fabio Pasquale Provenzano, Antonio Vilasi, Claudia Torino, Giovanni Tripepi
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引用次数: 0
摘要
生物统计学在开发、解释临床、生物和流行病学数据并从中得出结论方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。然而,统计方法的不当应用会导致错误的结论和曲解。本文全面探讨了生物统计分析过程中最常见的错误。我们发现并阐明了生物统计分析中的 10 个常见错误。这些错误包括使用错误的指标来描述数据、曲解 P 值、曲解 95% 置信区间、曲解危险比作为预后准确性的指标、忽略样本量的计算、曲解随机临床试验中的分层分析、混淆相关性和因果关系、误解混杂因素和中介因素、数据收集过程中变量编码不当,以及在回顾性研究中根据未来暴露情况归因于组别成员时产生的偏差。我们讨论了这些错误的影响,并提出了一些切实可行的策略来减轻它们的影响。通过提高对这些误区的认识,本文旨在增强生物统计分析的严谨性和可重复性,从而促进生物医学研究成果的稳健性和可靠性。
Biostatistics plays a pivotal role in developing, interpreting and drawing conclusions from clinical, biological and epidemiological data. However, the improper application of statistical methods can lead to erroneous conclusions and misinterpretations. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the most frequent mistakes encountered in the biostatistical analysis process. We identified and elucidated 10 common errors in biostatistical analysis. These include using the wrong metric to describe data, misinterpreting P-values, misinterpreting the 95% confidence interval, misinterpreting the hazard ratio as an index of prognostic accuracy, ignoring the sample size calculation, misinterpreting analysis by strata in randomized clinical trials, confusing correlation and causation, misunderstanding confounders and mediators, inadequately codifying variables during the data collection, and bias arising when group membership is attributed on the basis of future exposure in retrospective studies. We discuss the implications of these errors and propose some practical strategies to mitigate their impact. By raising awareness of these pitfalls, this paper aims to enhance the rigor and reproducibility of biostatistical analyses, thereby fostering more robust and reliable biomedical research findings.
期刊介绍:
About the Journal
Clinical Kidney Journal: Clinical and Translational Nephrology (ckj), an official journal of the ERA-EDTA (European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association), is a fully open access, online only journal publishing bimonthly. The journal is an essential educational and training resource integrating clinical, translational and educational research into clinical practice. ckj aims to contribute to a translational research culture among nephrologists and kidney pathologists that helps close the gap between basic researchers and practicing clinicians and promote sorely needed innovation in the Nephrology field. All research articles in this journal have undergone peer review.