枪支立法如何影响国际枪支死亡率：范围审查

IF 1.7 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Health Policy Open Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI:10.1016/j.hpopen.2024.100127

Brianna Greenberg , Alexandria Bennett , Asad Naveed , Raluca Petrut , Sabrina M. Wang , Niyati Vyas , Amir Bachari , Shawn Khan , Tea Christine Sue , Nicole Dryburgh , Faris Almoli , Becky Skidmore , Nicole Shaver , Evan Chung Bui , Melissa Brouwers , David Moher , Julian Little , Julie Maggi , Najma Ahmed

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景有关枪支暴力的文献内容广泛且多变，在观察性研究中描述了多种立法类型和结果。我们的目标是记录有关枪支立法对枪支暴力死亡率影响的证据的范围和性质。从开始到 2024 年 3 月，我们在多个电子数据库中执行了全面的同行评审检索策略。此外，还检索了未发表的灰色文献。提取的数据包括研究设计、国家、人口、立法类型，以及关于立法对自杀、他杀、杀害妇女和家庭暴力死亡率影响的总体研究结论。对具有相同研究设计（生态研究）的文章样本进行了严格的质量评估。经过全文检索和灰色文献检索，有 202 篇文章符合我们的资格标准。研究发现了许多立法方法，包括预防性的、禁止性的以及更有针对性的、侧重于识别高风险人群的策略。法律类型对持枪杀人、自杀和杀害女性的比率产生了不同的影响。我们发现，国家限制性法律降低了人口枪支死亡率。这些发现可以为政策制定者、公共卫生研究人员和政府在设计和实施立法以减少枪支造成的伤亡时提供参考。经费由以患者为导向的研究战略（SPOR）证据联盟提供，多伦多大学圣迈克尔医院也提供了部分资金。范围界定综述注册：开放科学框架（OSF）：https://osf.io/sf38n。

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How firearm legislation impacts firearm mortality internationally: A scoping review

Background

The literature on gun violence is broad and variable, describing multiple legislation types and outcomes in observational studies. Our objective was to document the extent and nature of evidence on the impact of firearm legislation on mortality from firearm violence.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted under PRISMA-ScR guidance. A comprehensive peer-reviewed search strategy was executed in several electronic databases from inception to March 2024. Grey literature was searched for unpublished sources. Data were extracted on study design, country, population, type of legislation, and overall study conclusions on legislation impact on mortality from suicide, homicide, femicide, and domestic violence. Critical appraisal for a sample of articles with the same study design (ecological studies) was conducted for quality assessment.

Findings

5057 titles and abstracts and 651 full-text articles were reviewed. Following full-text review and grey literature search, 202 articles satisfied our eligibility criteria. Federal legislation was identified from all included countries, while state-specific laws were only reported in studies from the U.S. Numerous legislative approaches were identified including preventative, prohibitive, and more tailored strategies focused on identifying high risk individuals. Law types had various effects on rates of firearm homicide, suicide, and femicide. Lack of robust design, uneven implementation, and poor evaluation of legislation may contribute to these differences.

Interpretation

We found that national, restrictive laws reduce population-level firearm mortality. These findings can inform policy makers, public health researchers, and governments when designing and implementing legislation to reduce injury and death from firearms.

Funding

Funding is provided by the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) Evidence Alliance and in part by St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto.