Monitoring the dynamics of nanozeolite formation by combined in situ coherent small angle X-ray scattering techniques

Understanding the dynamics of zeolite formation is key to synthesising high-quality zeolitic materials with controllable properties, in order to develop more efficient and performant materials. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) using coherent X-rays offers new possibilities for in situ observation of nano to micron-scale fluctuation dynamics during crystal growth. An in situ cell, which is capable of collecting time-resolved coherent X-ray scattering data under hydrothermal conditions has been developed and used to study, by in situ XPCS combined with small and wide angle X-ray scattering, zeolite formation and dynamics. Analysis of the results using two-time correlations enables to accurately identify the successive growth and crystallisation steps, revealing the dissolution process of the LTA topology during the SOD growth. This approach opens a powerful new avenue for studying the dynamics of nanomaterials formation, phase transitions and growth processes under in situ conditions that will enable profound insights into the nanoscale synthesis mechanisms.