景观变化对生态系统服务和生物多样性的影响:厄瓜多尔国家评估

IF 6.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Ecosystem Services Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI:10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101652
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于人类活动和气候变化,厄瓜多尔的生态系统承受着巨大压力。尽管需要对生物多样性和生态系统服务(BES)进行定期监测,但目前仍缺乏对生物多样性和生态系统服务与景观变化的当前和未来相互依存关系进行评估的尝试。本研究建议对生态系统/土地利用类型提供 BES 的能力现状及其在森林砍伐和气候变化情景下的未来发展进行空间评估。为解决数据稀缺问题并提高合理性,空间建模与参与式方法相结合。具体而言,利用结合了地理信息系统(GIS)和细胞自动机(CA)模块的建模平台模拟了景观格局的变化。生态系统保护和管理方面的专家通过调查和研讨会参与其中。食物、饮用水、服务用水、土壤侵蚀控制、水流调节、授粉/种子传播、宏观气候调节和景观美学/美观被认为是最相关的生态系统服务。在森林生态系统中,与帕拉莫相关的生态系统被认为能提供多种高容量的生态系统服务。与现状相比,森林砍伐情景表明,大多数 BES 减少了 20-25%,而粮食供应增加了 5%,这是一种权衡。关于气候变化情景,模拟了到 2070 年气温上升 2 ℃(RCP 2.6)和 4 ℃(RCP 6.0)的 "代表性浓度路径"(RCP)。与 RCP 2.6 相比,RCP 6.0 的影响更为明显,它导致大多数 BES 减少,但由于耕地可能向高海拔地区扩展,粮食供应增加。空间评估结果还显示了提供 BES 的高潜力地区和低潜力地区。这些信息可为生物多样性和生态系统服务管理决策提供支持,如优先行动区域。此外,所应用的空间明确评估可作为定期评估生态系统服务补偿的起点,但厄瓜多尔尚未开展此项工作。
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Implications of landscape changes for ecosystem services and biodiversity: A national assessment in Ecuador

Ecuadorian ecosystems experience high pressure due to anthropogenic activities and climate change. Despite the need of regular monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES), attempts to assess the current and future interdependencies of BES and landscape changes are still lacking. This study suggests a spatial assessment of the capacity of ecosystems/land use types to provide BES as status quo and its future development under scenarios of deforestation and climate change. To address data scarcity and improve legitimacy, spatial modeling was combined with participatory approaches. Specifically, changes in landscape pattern were simulated using a modeling platform that combines Geographic Information System (GIS) and Cellular Automaton (CA) modules. Experts in ecosystem conservation and management participated through surveys and workshops. Food, drinking water, service water, soil erosion control, water flow regulation, pollination/seed dispersal, regulation of macro climate, and landscape aesthetic/amenity were identified as the most relevant ES. Among the forest ecosystems, Páramo-related ecosystems were regarded to provide multiple ES with high capacities. Compared to the current status, the deforestation scenario showed to decrease most BES by 20–25 %, while increasing food provision by 5 %, as a trade-off. Regarding the climate change scenarios, the “Representative Concentration Pathways” (RCP) by 2070 were simulated with an increase in temperature of 2 °C (RCP 2.6) and of 4 °C (RCP 6.0). RCP 6.0 showed more noticeable impact than RCP 2.6, which caused a decrease in most BES whereas an increase in food provision due to the possible expansion of arable land into higher altitudes. The results of the spatial assessment also indicated high and low potential areas for BES provision. Such information can support decision-making for BES management e.g., priority areas for actions. Furthermore, the applied spatially explicit assessment could be a starting point for a regular assessment of BES, which has not yet been implemented in Ecuador.

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来源期刊
Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem Services ECOLOGYENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES&-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
14.90
自引率
7.90%
发文量
109
期刊介绍: Ecosystem Services is an international, interdisciplinary journal that is associated with the Ecosystem Services Partnership (ESP). The journal is dedicated to exploring the science, policy, and practice related to ecosystem services, which are the various ways in which ecosystems contribute to human well-being, both directly and indirectly. Ecosystem Services contributes to the broader goal of ensuring that the benefits of ecosystems are recognized, valued, and sustainably managed for the well-being of current and future generations. The journal serves as a platform for scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders to share their findings and insights, fostering collaboration and innovation in the field of ecosystem services.
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