{"title":"二氧化硅气凝胶(SA)颗粒对低温调节环氧树脂拉伸行为的协同效应:颗粒形态和混合顺序的作用","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.108755","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cryogenic conditions are of crucial importance for gas storage tanks to provide increased storage density, reduced pressure requirements and minimized energy losses. Incorporation of silica aerogel (SA) particles as a nanostructured material with extremely low density and exceptional thermal insulating properties into epoxy matrices has the potential to facilitate the progress of high performance nanocomposite coatings for advanced cryogenic applications. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the impacts of particle size, particle content, milling method and mixing sequence on toughness of the cryo-conditioned epoxy coatings. SA particles of varying size (50 μm to 300 μm) were prepared using two different techniques (planetary ball milling vs. 2-blade grinding). Nanocomposite samples were prepared using two distinct mixing sequences, i.e., adding particles (in 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%wt.) to epoxy followed by mixing with hardener or adding particles to epoxy/hardener (with 3 or 15 min delay). The nanocomposite samples were subjected to different cryogenic conditions (single 3-h immersion in liquid nitrogen vs. three consecutive 1-h immersions). Mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated by conducting fractography, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile tests. Large SA particles settled towards the bottom of nanocomposite and resulted in loss of mechanical properties at cryo-conditions. Mixing 1 wt% of optimized SA particles with epoxy/hardener system led to an enhanced tensile strength (26 %), stiffness (3 %) and toughness (71 %) by providing uniform cross-linking reactions and mitigating thermal shock effects at cryo-conditions. Toughening mechanisms included crack deflection, crack pinning, crack arrest and crack branching.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Synergic effects of silica aerogel (SA) particles on tensile behavior of cryo-conditioned epoxy: The role of particle morphology and mixing sequence\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.108755\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Cryogenic conditions are of crucial importance for gas storage tanks to provide increased storage density, reduced pressure requirements and minimized energy losses. Incorporation of silica aerogel (SA) particles as a nanostructured material with extremely low density and exceptional thermal insulating properties into epoxy matrices has the potential to facilitate the progress of high performance nanocomposite coatings for advanced cryogenic applications. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the impacts of particle size, particle content, milling method and mixing sequence on toughness of the cryo-conditioned epoxy coatings. SA particles of varying size (50 μm to 300 μm) were prepared using two different techniques (planetary ball milling vs. 2-blade grinding). Nanocomposite samples were prepared using two distinct mixing sequences, i.e., adding particles (in 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%wt.) to epoxy followed by mixing with hardener or adding particles to epoxy/hardener (with 3 or 15 min delay). The nanocomposite samples were subjected to different cryogenic conditions (single 3-h immersion in liquid nitrogen vs. three consecutive 1-h immersions). Mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated by conducting fractography, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile tests. Large SA particles settled towards the bottom of nanocomposite and resulted in loss of mechanical properties at cryo-conditions. Mixing 1 wt% of optimized SA particles with epoxy/hardener system led to an enhanced tensile strength (26 %), stiffness (3 %) and toughness (71 %) by providing uniform cross-linking reactions and mitigating thermal shock effects at cryo-conditions. Toughening mechanisms included crack deflection, crack pinning, crack arrest and crack branching.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20834,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Progress in Organic Coatings\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Progress in Organic Coatings\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300944024005472\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Progress in Organic Coatings","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300944024005472","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
低温条件对储气罐至关重要,可提高储气密度、降低压力要求并最大限度地减少能量损失。二氧化硅气凝胶(SA)颗粒是一种纳米结构材料,具有极低的密度和优异的隔热性能,将其掺入环氧树脂基质中有望促进高性能纳米复合涂层在先进低温应用领域的发展。因此,本研究旨在探讨粒度、颗粒含量、研磨方法和混合顺序对低温调质环氧涂层韧性的影响。采用两种不同的技术(行星球磨与双刀研磨)制备了不同大小(50 微米至 300 微米)的 SA 粒子。纳米复合材料样品的制备采用了两种不同的混合顺序,即在环氧树脂中加入颗粒(0、0.5、1 和 1.5%wt.),然后与固化剂混合,或在环氧树脂/固化剂中加入颗粒(延迟 3 或 15 分钟)。将纳米复合材料样品置于不同的低温条件下(在液氮中单次浸泡 3 小时与连续三次浸泡 1 小时)。样品的机械性能通过碎裂图、动态机械热分析(DMTA)和拉伸试验进行了评估。大的 SA 颗粒沉降到纳米复合材料的底部,导致低温条件下的机械性能下降。将 1 wt% 的优化 SA 粒子与环氧树脂/固化剂体系混合后,通过提供均匀的交联反应和减轻低温条件下的热冲击效应,提高了拉伸强度(26%)、刚度(3%)和韧性(71%)。增韧机制包括裂纹偏转、裂纹针刺、裂纹停止和裂纹分支。
Synergic effects of silica aerogel (SA) particles on tensile behavior of cryo-conditioned epoxy: The role of particle morphology and mixing sequence
Cryogenic conditions are of crucial importance for gas storage tanks to provide increased storage density, reduced pressure requirements and minimized energy losses. Incorporation of silica aerogel (SA) particles as a nanostructured material with extremely low density and exceptional thermal insulating properties into epoxy matrices has the potential to facilitate the progress of high performance nanocomposite coatings for advanced cryogenic applications. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the impacts of particle size, particle content, milling method and mixing sequence on toughness of the cryo-conditioned epoxy coatings. SA particles of varying size (50 μm to 300 μm) were prepared using two different techniques (planetary ball milling vs. 2-blade grinding). Nanocomposite samples were prepared using two distinct mixing sequences, i.e., adding particles (in 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%wt.) to epoxy followed by mixing with hardener or adding particles to epoxy/hardener (with 3 or 15 min delay). The nanocomposite samples were subjected to different cryogenic conditions (single 3-h immersion in liquid nitrogen vs. three consecutive 1-h immersions). Mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated by conducting fractography, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile tests. Large SA particles settled towards the bottom of nanocomposite and resulted in loss of mechanical properties at cryo-conditions. Mixing 1 wt% of optimized SA particles with epoxy/hardener system led to an enhanced tensile strength (26 %), stiffness (3 %) and toughness (71 %) by providing uniform cross-linking reactions and mitigating thermal shock effects at cryo-conditions. Toughening mechanisms included crack deflection, crack pinning, crack arrest and crack branching.
期刊介绍:
The aim of this international journal is to analyse and publicise the progress and current state of knowledge in the field of organic coatings and related materials. The Editors and the Editorial Board members will solicit both review and research papers from academic and industrial scientists who are actively engaged in research and development or, in the case of review papers, have extensive experience in the subject to be reviewed. Unsolicited manuscripts will be accepted if they meet the journal''s requirements. The journal publishes papers dealing with such subjects as:
• Chemical, physical and technological properties of organic coatings and related materials
• Problems and methods of preparation, manufacture and application of these materials
• Performance, testing and analysis.