Detection of Leishmania RNA Virus 2 (LRV2) among Clinical Isolates of Leishmania Major in Four Endemic Regions of Iran.

Purpose: Leishmania RNA viruses (LRV) are double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) that play a role in the pathogenesis of Leishmania parasites. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in various parts of Iran. Our aimed was to investigate presence of LRV among the Leishmania major isolates in four endemic regions of Iran.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the presence of LRV1 and LRV2 in 181 clinical isolates of L. major from four endemic cities in Iran using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, RT-PCR tests were conducted with LRV1 and LRV2 specific primers. Human beta-actin and kmp genes served as internal and external controls, respectively, and the Allele ID software was used to optimize melting curves.

Results: LRV2 was detected in 27.6% (50 out of 181) of L. major isolates, while no LRV1 was found. We did not observe a statistically significant difference in the presence of LRV2 based on age group, number, or location of lesions.

Conclusion: This study confirms the presence of LRV2 in clinical isolates of L. major from endemic regions of Iran. Further researches with larger sample sizes is recommended to explore the association between LRV and clinical symptoms as well as treatment response.