腺病毒感染:临床实验室的新发现。

IF 6.1 2区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Journal of Clinical Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1128/jcm.00836-22
Adriana E Kajon
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自 1953 年发现人类腺病毒(HAdV)以来,对其进行的研究涉及多个领域,取得了突破性发现(如基因拼接),并产生了强大的溶瘤构建体和表达载体,用于疫苗开发和基因治疗。相比之下,该领域的病毒学家在预防和治疗各种 HAdV 相关疾病方面取得的进展相对较小。人们对病毒致病的物种特异性特征或潜伏和再活化机制的了解仍然有限。这组病毒目前包括 7 个物种、51 个血清型和 116 个独特的基因型。这种复杂性表现为具有挑战性的病理表型多样性。一些类型的病毒毒性很强,而另一些类型的病毒似乎不会在免疫功能正常的宿主中致病。评估血液和呼吸道标本中的病毒载量具有公认的临床用途,但临床实验室缺乏易于实施的病毒分型能力,这是解释阳性检测结果的一个长期存在的主要限制因素。有些 HAdV 感染确实会对免疫功能健全和免疫功能低下的患者造成严重后果,而要了解这种情况的原因还需要更多的研究。临床分离物和收集的阳性标本可以为研究病毒毒性和适应性的分子基础提供独特的资源,也有助于收集易感人群中病毒传播的时空模式信息,但这些资源极其稀缺。临床实验室是患者和学术科学家之间利用率较低的接口,因此极有可能成为未来研究中的重要合作者。
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Adenovirus infections: new insights for the clinical laboratory.

Since their discovery in 1953, research on human adenoviruses (HAdVs) has had diverse foci, resulted in groundbreaking discoveries, such as gene splicing, and generated powerful oncolytic constructs and expression vectors for vaccine development and gene therapy. In contrast, virologists working in this field have made relatively little progress toward the prevention and treatment of the wide spectrum of HAdV-associated diseases. The understanding of species-specific features of viral pathogenesis, or of the mechanisms underlying the establishment of latency and reactivation, is still limited. This group of viruses currently comprises 7 species, 51 serotypes, and 116 unique genotypes. This complexity manifests with a challenging pathophenotypic diversity. Some types are highly virulent, and others do not seem to cause disease in immunocompetent hosts. The assessment of viral load in blood and respiratory specimens has well-acknowledged clinical utility, but the lack of virus typing capabilities easily implementable in clinical laboratories represents a lingering major limitation to the interpretation of positive tests. Some HAdV infections do have severe consequences for both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, and the understanding of why this is the case will require more research. Clinical isolates and collections of positive specimens can provide unique resources to investigate the molecular bases of viral virulence and fitness and also help gather information of spatial-temporal patterns of viral circulation in susceptible communities, but they are extremely scarce. Clinical laboratories are underutilized interfaces between patients and academic scientists and have, therefore, a high potential to become valuable collaborators in research moving forward.

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来源期刊
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 医学-微生物学
CiteScore
17.10
自引率
4.30%
发文量
347
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Clinical Microbiology® disseminates the latest research concerning the laboratory diagnosis of human and animal infections, along with the laboratory's role in epidemiology and the management of infectious diseases.
期刊最新文献
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