Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Friend or Foe.

Introduction: Most breast cancers require neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the response to primary systemic therapy (PST) is crucial for deciding on the surgical technique and predicting patient outcomes. However, chemotherapy also brings numerous side effects, with cardiovascular issues being some of the most significant, common and challenging to manage.

Case presentation: We present the case of a 71-year-old woman diagnosed with stage T2N1M0 Luminal B breast cancer. It was decided to initiate chemotherapy consisting of four cycles of FEC (5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m² on days 1 and 8, epirubicin 60 mg-90 mg/m² and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m²), followed by four cycles of docetaxel (75 mg/m² every three weeks). Near the end of the treatment cycles, she developed new-onset angina with complex critical coronary lesions. This required assembling a multidisciplinary team to determine the optimal management strategy from cardiological, surgical, and oncological standpoints. Just when we thought we had found the optimal approach for managing ischemic heart disease, the situation became more complicated with the development of deep vein thrombosis, requiring a reassessment of the entire treatment plan.

Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an important weapon against breast cancer but also a veritable enemy of cardiovascular diseases. The association of two major diseases requires a multidisciplinary team capable of making the best decisions to maximize benefits and minimize adverse effects.