Phase change materials encapsulated in graphene hybrid aerogels with high thermal conductivity for efficient solar-thermal energy conversion and thermal management of solar PV panels

Phase change materials (PCMs) have a wide range of applications in latent heat storage and thermal management. However, their practical use is hindered by high leakage rates and low thermal conductivity. To address these issues, polyvinyl alcohol/carboxylated carbon nanotubes/graphene hybrid aerogels (PCG) were carbonized at high temperatures to obtain polyvinyl alcohol/carboxylated carbon nanotubes/graphene carbon aerogels (cPCG). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was then encapsulated within cPCG to form cPCG@PEG shape-stabilized PCMs (SSPCMs). These cPCG@PEG SSPCMs demonstrated excellent thermal conductivity (0.843 W•m^-1•K^-1) and superior solar-thermal conversion performance (91.8%). Additionally, the latent heat of cPCG@PEG showed a minimal decrease even after 100 melt-crystallization cycles. An experimental setup was designed to regulate the temperature of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels using cPCG@PEG. The results indicated that cPCG@PEG effectively managed the temperature of solar PV panels under varying light conditions. This study presents a novel approach for enhancing the application of porous PCMs in solar energy utilization and thermal management of equipment.