Development of tunable mid-infrared laser at 10–25 μm

Ten to 25 μm-long-wavelength mid-infrared laser has broad application prospects in fields such as military, industrial, medical, and spectroscopy. Currently, lasers capable of emitting 10–25 μm-long-wavelength mid-infrared radiation include CO₂ lasers, solid-state lasers, quantum cascade lasers, infrared supercontinuum light sources, and free electron lasers. This review summarizes the development status of these five types of lasers, providing a detailed analysis and summary of their operating principles, advantages, limitations, and future outlooks. The aim is to offer valuable reference information for related research and to promote the further development and application of tunable mid-infrared laser at 10–25 μm.