Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis with Eosinophilia Caused by Schizophyllum Infection.

Background: As an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, Schizophyllum has been rarely reported to infect humans. By reporting a case of definite diagnosis of Schizophyllum infection, we aim to improve clinicians' understanding of this bacterium.

Methods: By reporting a case with cough and sputum as the main manifestations, after empirical antiinfective chest CT suggesting a more progressive inflammatory lesion and a mass-like lesion in the paratracheal area of the main airways, a diagnosis of Schizophyllum infection was finally made by bronchoscopy with the delivery of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).

Results: The patient was finally diagnosed with rare Schizophyllum infection. After antifungal treatment, the symptoms improved, and the patient was discharged.

Conclusions: Although Schizophyllum is a rare fungal infection, it should be taken seriously in patients with diabetes or who are immunocompromised. At the same time, mNGS plays a key role in the detection of rare and emerging pathogens, which is worthy of clinical interest.