免疫学中的纳米材料:免疫学中的纳米材料:免疫调节、诊断和治疗创新方法的桥梁。

IF 5 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Journal of Functional Biomaterials Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI:10.3390/jfb15080225
George-Alexandru Croitoru, Diana-Cristina Pîrvulescu, Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu, Dragoș Epistatu, Marius Rădulescu, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, Carmen-Larisa Nicolae
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引用次数: 0

摘要

多年来,免疫学与纳米技术的交叉在生物医学研究和临床应用方面取得了重大进展。免疫学旨在了解免疫系统对病原体的防御机制。纳米技术已经证明了其操纵免疫反应的潜力,因为纳米材料的特性可以根据所需的应用进行改变。研究表明,纳米材料可用于诊断、治疗和疫苗开发。在诊断方面,纳米材料可用于开发生物传感器,即使在浓度很低的情况下也能准确检测生物标志物。在治疗方面,纳米材料可作为高效载体,将药物、抗原或遗传物质直接输送到目标细胞或组织。这种有针对性的递送提高了疗效,减少了对健康细胞和组织的不利影响。在疫苗开发中,纳米颗粒可通过有效地向免疫细胞输送佐剂和抗原,提高疫苗的耐久性并扩大免疫反应。尽管取得了这些进步,但纳米材料在安全性、生物相容性和临床应用的可扩展性方面仍然存在挑战。本综述将介绍纳米材料与免疫系统之间的基本相互作用、它们在免疫学中的潜在应用,以及它们的安全性和生物相容性问题。
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Nanomaterials in Immunology: Bridging Innovative Approaches in Immune Modulation, Diagnostics, and Therapy.

The intersection of immunology and nanotechnology has provided significant advancements in biomedical research and clinical applications over the years. Immunology aims to understand the immune system's defense mechanisms against pathogens. Nanotechnology has demonstrated its potential to manipulate immune responses, as nanomaterials' properties can be modified for the desired application. Research has shown that nanomaterials can be applied in diagnostics, therapy, and vaccine development. In diagnostics, nanomaterials can be used for biosensor development, accurately detecting biomarkers even at very low concentrations. Therapeutically, nanomaterials can act as efficient carriers for delivering drugs, antigens, or genetic material directly to targeted cells or tissues. This targeted delivery improves therapeutic efficacy and reduces the adverse effects on healthy cells and tissues. In vaccine development, nanoparticles can improve vaccine durability and extend immune responses by effectively delivering adjuvants and antigens to immune cells. Despite these advancements, challenges regarding the safety, biocompatibility, and scalability of nanomaterials for clinical applications are still present. This review will cover the fundamental interactions between nanomaterials and the immune system, their potential applications in immunology, and their safety and biocompatibility concerns.

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来源期刊
Journal of Functional Biomaterials
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Engineering-Biomedical Engineering
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
4.20%
发文量
226
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB, ISSN 2079-4983) is an international and interdisciplinary scientific journal that publishes regular research papers (articles), reviews and short communications about applications of materials for biomedical use. JFB covers subjects from chemistry, pharmacy, biology, physics over to engineering. The journal focuses on the preparation, performance and use of functional biomaterials in biomedical devices and their behaviour in physiological environments. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Several topical special issues will be published. Scope: adhesion, adsorption, biocompatibility, biohybrid materials, bio-inert materials, biomaterials, biomedical devices, biomimetic materials, bone repair, cardiovascular devices, ceramics, composite materials, dental implants, dental materials, drug delivery systems, functional biopolymers, glasses, hyper branched polymers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), nanomedicine, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, natural materials, self-assembly smart materials, stimuli responsive materials, surface modification, tissue devices, tissue engineering, tissue-derived materials, urological devices.
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