Cardiac remodeling and inflammation detected by magnetic resonance imaging in COVID-19 survivors

Background

Concerns have been raised about cardiac inflammation in patients with long COVID-19, particularly those with myocardial injury during the acute phase of the disease. This study was conducted to examine myopericardial involvement, detected by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.

Methods

Adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who presented myocardial injury or increased D-dimers were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients were invited to undergo CMR imaging examination after discharge. During follow-up, patients with nonischemic myocardial or pericardial involvement detected on the first CMR imaging examination underwent second examinations. CMR imaging findings were compared with those of a control group of healthy patients with no comorbidity.

Results

Of 180 included patients, 53 underwent CMR imaging examination. The mean age was 58.4 ± 18.3 years, and 73.6 % were male. Myocardial and pericardial LGE was reported in 43.4 % and 35.8 % of patients, respectively. Nonischemic myocardial or pericardial involvement was reported in 26 (49.1 %) patients. The prevalence of pericardial LGE was associated inversely with the interval between hospital discharge and CMR. COVID-19 survivors had higher end-systolic volume indices (ESVis) and lower left-ventricular ejection fractions than did healthy controls. Seventeen patients underwent follow-up CMR imaging; the end-diastolic volume index, ESVi, and prevalence of pericardial LGE, but not that of nonischemic LGE, were reduced.

Conclusion

Among COVID-19 survivors with myocardial injury during the acute phase of the disease, the incidences of nonischemic myocardial and pericardial LGE and CMR imaging–detected signs of cardiac remodeling, partially reversed during follow-up, were high.