Brian Crook, Charlotte Young, Ceri Rideout, Duncan Smith
{"title":"建筑环境中军团菌对水的污染的贡献。","authors":"Brian Crook, Charlotte Young, Ceri Rideout, Duncan Smith","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21081101","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Legionella</i> bacteria can proliferate in poorly maintained water systems, posing risks to users. All <i>Legionella</i> species are potentially pathogenic, but <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> (<i>L. pneumophila</i>) is usually the primary focus of testing. However, <i>Legionella anisa</i> (<i>L. anisa</i>) also colonizes water distribution systems, is frequently found with <i>L. pneumophila</i>, and could be a good indicator for increased risk of nosocomial infection. Anonymized data from three commercial <i>Legionella</i> testing laboratories afforded an analysis of 565,750 water samples. The data covered July 2019 to August 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The results confirmed that <i>L. anisa</i> commonly colonizes water distribution systems, being the most frequently identified non-<i>L. pneumophila</i> species. The proportions of <i>L. anisa</i> and <i>L. pneumophila</i> generally remained similar, but increases in <i>L. pneumophila</i> during COVID-19 lockdown suggest static water supplies might favor its growth. Disinfection of hospital water systems was effective, but re-colonization did occur, appearing to favor <i>L. pneumophila</i>; however, <i>L. anisa</i> colony numbers also increased as a proportion of the total. While <i>L. pneumophila</i> remains the main species of concern as a risk to human health, <i>L. anisa</i>'s role should not be underestimated, either as a potential infection risk or as an indicator of the need to intervene to control <i>Legionella</i>'s colonization of water supplies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354164/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Contribution of <i>Legionella anisa</i> to <i>Legionella</i> Contamination of Water in the Built Environment.\",\"authors\":\"Brian Crook, Charlotte Young, Ceri Rideout, Duncan Smith\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/ijerph21081101\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><i>Legionella</i> bacteria can proliferate in poorly maintained water systems, posing risks to users. All <i>Legionella</i> species are potentially pathogenic, but <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> (<i>L. pneumophila</i>) is usually the primary focus of testing. However, <i>Legionella anisa</i> (<i>L. anisa</i>) also colonizes water distribution systems, is frequently found with <i>L. pneumophila</i>, and could be a good indicator for increased risk of nosocomial infection. Anonymized data from three commercial <i>Legionella</i> testing laboratories afforded an analysis of 565,750 water samples. The data covered July 2019 to August 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The results confirmed that <i>L. anisa</i> commonly colonizes water distribution systems, being the most frequently identified non-<i>L. pneumophila</i> species. The proportions of <i>L. anisa</i> and <i>L. pneumophila</i> generally remained similar, but increases in <i>L. pneumophila</i> during COVID-19 lockdown suggest static water supplies might favor its growth. Disinfection of hospital water systems was effective, but re-colonization did occur, appearing to favor <i>L. pneumophila</i>; however, <i>L. anisa</i> colony numbers also increased as a proportion of the total. While <i>L. pneumophila</i> remains the main species of concern as a risk to human health, <i>L. anisa</i>'s role should not be underestimated, either as a potential infection risk or as an indicator of the need to intervene to control <i>Legionella</i>'s colonization of water supplies.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49056,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354164/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081101\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081101","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
The Contribution of Legionella anisa to Legionella Contamination of Water in the Built Environment.
Legionella bacteria can proliferate in poorly maintained water systems, posing risks to users. All Legionella species are potentially pathogenic, but Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) is usually the primary focus of testing. However, Legionella anisa (L. anisa) also colonizes water distribution systems, is frequently found with L. pneumophila, and could be a good indicator for increased risk of nosocomial infection. Anonymized data from three commercial Legionella testing laboratories afforded an analysis of 565,750 water samples. The data covered July 2019 to August 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The results confirmed that L. anisa commonly colonizes water distribution systems, being the most frequently identified non-L. pneumophila species. The proportions of L. anisa and L. pneumophila generally remained similar, but increases in L. pneumophila during COVID-19 lockdown suggest static water supplies might favor its growth. Disinfection of hospital water systems was effective, but re-colonization did occur, appearing to favor L. pneumophila; however, L. anisa colony numbers also increased as a proportion of the total. While L. pneumophila remains the main species of concern as a risk to human health, L. anisa's role should not be underestimated, either as a potential infection risk or as an indicator of the need to intervene to control Legionella's colonization of water supplies.
期刊介绍:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) (ISSN 1660-4601) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles, critical reviews, research notes, and short communications in the interdisciplinary area of environmental health sciences and public health. It links several scientific disciplines including biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, cellular and molecular biology, chemistry, computer science, ecology, engineering, epidemiology, genetics, immunology, microbiology, oncology, pathology, pharmacology, and toxicology, in an integrated fashion, to address critical issues related to environmental quality and public health. Therefore, IJERPH focuses on the publication of scientific and technical information on the impacts of natural phenomena and anthropogenic factors on the quality of our environment, the interrelationships between environmental health and the quality of life, as well as the socio-cultural, political, economic, and legal considerations related to environmental stewardship and public health.
The 2018 IJERPH Outstanding Reviewer Award has been launched! This award acknowledge those who have generously dedicated their time to review manuscripts submitted to IJERPH. See full details at http://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph/awards.