Impact orientation and venture capital financing: The interplay of governmental, social impact and traditional venture capital

In addition to traditional venture capital (VC), governmental VC and social impact VC investors have emerged as alternatives to fund entrepreneurial ventures, especially start-ups that incorporate social and/or environmental objectives into commercial operations. Using a sample of 15,510 VC-backed start-ups, we show that impact-oriented ventures are more likely to receive funding from alternative VCs. Both social and environmental orientations increase the chances that a start-up secures funding from impact VCs while social orientation drives results for government VCs. Importantly, we also show that impact-oriented ventures are more likely to secure investment from traditional VCs when impact and governmental VCs co-invest.