Recent advancements in the study of stability and application of lead-free halide perovskite quantum dots

Halide perovskites have garnered global attention in the realm of optoelectronics due to their exceptional properties. Specifically, lead-free perovskite holds great potential for a wide range of applications owing to its non-toxic nature, thus prompting deeper research. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in lead-free halide perovskite quantum dots (LFHPQDs). Firstly, several systems of LFHPQDs and their performance parameters, such as excitation wavelength, emission wavelength, fluorescence lifetime and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), which have been widely studied recently, are listed. Then, the causes of the instability of LFHPQDs and the methods to control their stability are discussed. Additionally, it investigates the application and potential use of LFHPQDs in solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors, photocatalysis and bioluminescent markers and medical. Finally, this review summarizes the limitations of LFHPQDs while also discussing future directions for improvement and prospects for future applications.