{"title":"利用纳米粒子和人工肽靶向奈格勒氏菌的方法。","authors":"Hayley Fong, Zachary H Leid, Anjan Debnath","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13080695","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Naegleria fowleri</i> is a free-living amoeba which causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Although PAM is rare, the fatality rate is staggering at over 97%. So, the importance of finding an effective treatment and cure for PAM caused by <i>N. fowleri</i> is a crucial area of research. Existing research on developing novel therapeutic strategies to counter <i>N. fowleri</i> infection is limited. Since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents an obstacle to delivering drugs to the site of infection, it is important to employ strategies that can effectively direct the therapeutics to the brain. In this regard, our review focuses on understanding the physiology and mechanisms by which molecules pass through the BBB, the current treatment options available for PAM, and the recent research conducted in the decade of 2012 to 2022 on the use of nanomaterials to enhance drug delivery. In addition, we compile research findings from other central nervous system (CNS) diseases that use shuttle peptides which allow for transport of molecules through the BBB. The approach of utilizing BBB shuttles to administer drugs through the BBB may open up new areas of drug discovery research in the field of <i>N. fowleri</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11357329/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Approaches for Targeting <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> Using Nanoparticles and Artificial Peptides.\",\"authors\":\"Hayley Fong, Zachary H Leid, Anjan Debnath\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/pathogens13080695\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><i>Naegleria fowleri</i> is a free-living amoeba which causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Although PAM is rare, the fatality rate is staggering at over 97%. So, the importance of finding an effective treatment and cure for PAM caused by <i>N. fowleri</i> is a crucial area of research. Existing research on developing novel therapeutic strategies to counter <i>N. fowleri</i> infection is limited. Since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents an obstacle to delivering drugs to the site of infection, it is important to employ strategies that can effectively direct the therapeutics to the brain. In this regard, our review focuses on understanding the physiology and mechanisms by which molecules pass through the BBB, the current treatment options available for PAM, and the recent research conducted in the decade of 2012 to 2022 on the use of nanomaterials to enhance drug delivery. In addition, we compile research findings from other central nervous system (CNS) diseases that use shuttle peptides which allow for transport of molecules through the BBB. The approach of utilizing BBB shuttles to administer drugs through the BBB may open up new areas of drug discovery research in the field of <i>N. fowleri</i> infection.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19758,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Pathogens\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11357329/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Pathogens\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080695\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MICROBIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pathogens","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080695","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
奈格勒氏菌(Naegleria fowleri)是一种自由生活的阿米巴,可引起原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎(PAM)。虽然阿米巴脑膜炎十分罕见,但其致死率却高达 97% 以上。因此,找到有效治疗和治愈由 N. fowleri 引起的 PAM 的方法是一个至关重要的研究领域。目前,有关开发新型治疗策略以应对 N. fowleri 感染的研究十分有限。由于血脑屏障(BBB)是将药物输送到感染部位的障碍,因此采用能有效将治疗药物导向大脑的策略非常重要。在这方面,我们的综述侧重于了解分子通过血脑屏障的生理和机制、目前可用于 PAM 的治疗方案,以及 2012 年至 2022 年这十年间有关使用纳米材料加强药物递送的最新研究。此外,我们还汇编了其他中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病的研究成果,这些疾病都使用梭形肽来实现分子通过 BBB 的运输。利用 BBB 穿梭肽通过 BBB 给药的方法可能会开辟 N. fowleri 感染领域药物发现研究的新领域。
Approaches for Targeting Naegleria fowleri Using Nanoparticles and Artificial Peptides.
Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba which causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Although PAM is rare, the fatality rate is staggering at over 97%. So, the importance of finding an effective treatment and cure for PAM caused by N. fowleri is a crucial area of research. Existing research on developing novel therapeutic strategies to counter N. fowleri infection is limited. Since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents an obstacle to delivering drugs to the site of infection, it is important to employ strategies that can effectively direct the therapeutics to the brain. In this regard, our review focuses on understanding the physiology and mechanisms by which molecules pass through the BBB, the current treatment options available for PAM, and the recent research conducted in the decade of 2012 to 2022 on the use of nanomaterials to enhance drug delivery. In addition, we compile research findings from other central nervous system (CNS) diseases that use shuttle peptides which allow for transport of molecules through the BBB. The approach of utilizing BBB shuttles to administer drugs through the BBB may open up new areas of drug discovery research in the field of N. fowleri infection.
期刊介绍:
Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817) publishes reviews, regular research papers and short notes on all aspects of pathogens and pathogen-host interactions. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided for research articles.