尾骨下/经会阴窗:产前诊断和分类肛门闭锁程度的新方法。

IF 6.1 1区 医学 Q1 ACOUSTICS Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1002/uog.29094
T Elkan Miller, T Weissbach, M Elkan, M Zajicek, D Kidron, R Achiron, S Mazaki-Tovi, B Weisz, E Kassif
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的介绍一种评估胎儿肛门的二维声像图方法,并评估该方法在产前诊断肛门闭锁以及确定是否存在肛瘘(男性)和肛门瘘(女性)的可行性:这是一项观察性研究,研究对象是2018年8月至2023年10月期间转诊至以色列一家中心的肛门闭锁疑似病例。除了在轴向平面对会阴部进行常规评估外,我们还采用一种新方法对转诊至本中心的疑似畸形胎儿进行扫描,这种方法被称为 "尾骨下/会阴窗"。该窗口包括胎儿骨盆的中矢状面,包括直肠远端和肛管。当肛管与直肠连续并终止于会阴部的预期位置时,即可确认解剖结构正常。在女性胎儿中,正常的肛管与阴道管平行,向后分叉,止于会阴部皮肤,远离前庭。在男性胎儿中,正常肛管与海绵体向后分叉,止于会阴部皮肤,远离阴囊。当骨盆中出现盲端直肠袋而没有瘘管通向会阴部或前庭时,可确定为肛门高度闭锁。低度肛门闭锁是指直肠袋与前倾的瘘管相连接。女性的瘘管与阴道管汇合,止于前庭;男性的瘘管向前方偏转,止于阴囊底部。出生后,通过直接观察瘘管的体格检查、放射学检查、手术检查和/或尸体解剖来确诊肛门闭锁和肛门闭锁的类型:结果:在产前确诊为肛门闭锁的16个胎儿中,8个被怀疑为低位肛门闭锁,8个被怀疑为高位肛门闭锁。确诊时的中位胎龄为23周(14-37周)。所有病例均显示有其他结构畸形。11名患者选择了终止妊娠,其中4人肛门低位闭锁,7人肛门高位闭锁。其中四例由于刮宫导致的残损或选择性终止受影响双胎后的胎儿宫内退化而无法进行产后确认,因此有 12 例进行了分析,其中七例被诊断为低位肛门闭锁,五例为高位肛门闭锁。在这12个病例中,所有产前诊断都被证实是正确的,在这一高风险胎儿群体中,敏感性为100%,特异性为100%:尾骨下/会阴窗是产前检测和分类肛门闭锁程度的有效方法。结论:尾骨下/会阴透视窗是产前检测和分类肛门闭锁程度的有效方法,可提高对产后胎儿大小便失禁的预测并优化产前咨询。© 2024 国际妇产科超声学会。
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Infracoccygeal/transperineal window: new method to prenatally diagnose and classify level of anal atresia.

Objectives: To introduce a two-dimensional sonographic method to assess the fetal anus, and to evaluate the feasibility of this method to diagnose anal atresia prenatally and identify the presence or absence of anoperineal fistula (in males) and anovestibular fistula (in females).

Methods: This was an observational study of suspected cases of anal atresia referred to a single center in Israel between August 2018 and October 2023. In addition to conventional evaluation of the perineum in the axial plane, fetuses referred to our center for suspected malformation were scanned with a new method termed the 'infracoccygeal/transperineal window'. This window consisted of a midsagittal view of the fetal pelvis, including the distal rectum and the anal canal. Normal anatomy was confirmed when the anal canal was continuous with the rectum and terminated at the expected location on the perineum. In female fetuses, the normal anal canal runs parallel to the vaginal canal and diverges posteriorly, terminating at the perineal skin, distant from the vestibule. In male fetuses, the normal anal canal diverges posteriorly in relation to the corpora cavernosa, terminating at the perineal skin, distant from the scrotum. High anal atresia was identified when a blind-ending rectal pouch was demonstrated in the pelvis without a fistula to the perineum or vestibule. Low anal atresia was determined when a rectal pouch was continuous with an anteriorly deflected fistula. In females, the fistula converges with the vaginal canal, terminating at the vestibule; in males, the fistula deflects anteriorly, terminating at the base of the scrotum. Postnatally, the diagnosis and type of anal atresia were confirmed through physical examination with direct visualization of the fistula, radiographic studies, surgical examination and/or postmortem autopsy.

Results: Of the 16 fetuses diagnosed prenatally with anal atresia, eight were suspected to have low anal atresia and eight were suspected to have high anal atresia. The median gestational age at diagnosis was 23 (range, 14-37) weeks. All cases showed additional structural malformation. Eleven patients opted for termination of pregnancy, of which four had low anal atresia and seven had high anal atresia. Postnatal confirmation was not available in four cases due to curettage-induced mutilation or in-utero degradation following selective termination of the affected twin, leaving 12 cases for analysis, of which seven were diagnosed with low anal atresia and five with high anal atresia. In these 12 cases, all prenatal diagnoses were confirmed as correct, rendering 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in this high-risk fetal population.

Conclusions: The infracoccygeal/transperineal window is an effective method to detect and classify the level of anal atresia prenatally. This may improve prediction of postnatal fetal continence and optimize prenatal counseling. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.30
自引率
14.10%
发文量
891
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology (UOG) is the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) and is considered the foremost international peer-reviewed journal in the field. It publishes cutting-edge research that is highly relevant to clinical practice, which includes guidelines, expert commentaries, consensus statements, original articles, and systematic reviews. UOG is widely recognized and included in prominent abstract and indexing databases such as Index Medicus and Current Contents.
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