An unsuspected extracranial internal carotid pseudoaneurysm following dog bites: a case report and review of literature.

Background: Extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition that can be caused either by penetrating or blunt trauma, including dog bites, which is an uncommon occurrence. Together with the possibility of no symptoms or nonspecific ones such as cervical pain, hematoma, swelling, or mass, considering ICA pseudoaneurysm following a dog attack is of paramount importance to avoid life-threatening complications.

Case presentation: We present a rare case of a 17-year-old male with a history of dog bites three months prior, who presented to the emergency department with left-sided neck pain, dizziness, and several episodes of blurred vision and diplopia. On physical examination, a palpable mass measuring approximately 20 × 30 millimeters was identified in the left neck region and multiple superficial lacerations were observed in this area. Laboratory tests yielded normal results. Doppler ultrasound revealed a pseudoaneurysm in the left internal carotid artery. Because the great saphenous veins were insufficient, the patient was successfully treated with synthetic graft patch arterioplasty, and no complications were seen in his one-year follow-up with computed tomography (CT) angiography.

Conclusions: This report emphasizes the significance of thorough initial evaluation and imaging in cases of dog attacks, even without apparent significant trauma, to rule out hidden arterial injuries.