Alexandra Bergen, Savannah Roemhild, Domenico Santoro
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The chlorhexidine shampoo had a MIC of 1:128,000 (0.312 µg/mL), whereas zinc gluconate products had median MICs of 1:320 and 1:160. Three essential oil-containing shampoos (MBC 1:40), the zinc gluconate (MBC 1:40), and the chlorhexidine (MBC 1:64,000 [0.625 µg/mL]) reached an MBC. For PA, essential oil-containing products showed median MICs of 1:30 and 1:80. The zinc-gluconate products had a median MIC of 1:160, whereas the chlorhexidine shampoo had a median MIC of 1:4,000 (10 µg/mL). Only the zinc-gluconate products (MBC 1:80) and the chlorhexidine shampoo (MBC 1:2,000 [20 µg/mL]) reached an MBC. For MP, essential oil-containing and zinc-gluconate products showed lower median MICs (1:4,800 and 7,200) for shampoos compared with other formulations (1:160 and 1:320), whereas the chlorhexidine shampoo had a median MIC of 1:80,000 (0.5 µg/mL). These results suggest that natural topical compounds can be an effective alternative to treat skin infections in companion animals. Further in vivo studies are needed to clinically confirm this study's results.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal/fungicidal concentration of commercially available products containing essential oils, zinc gluconate, or 4% chlorhexidine for Malassezia pachydermatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius canine clinical isolates.\",\"authors\":\"Alexandra Bergen, Savannah Roemhild, Domenico Santoro\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11259-024-10528-4\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Skin infections are common complications in both humans and animals. Because of the increased incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) skin infections, essential oils have been suggested as potential alternatives to the classic antimicrobials. The goal of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MBC/MFC) of commercially available products containing essential oils, zinc gluconate, or 4% chlorhexidine. Microbroth dilution technique was performed on clinical isolates of MDR Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MDR-SP; n = 10), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA; n = 10), and Malassezia pachydermatis (MP; n = 10). For MDR-SP, essential oil-containing products showed median MICs of 1:240 and 1:320. The chlorhexidine shampoo had a MIC of 1:128,000 (0.312 µg/mL), whereas zinc gluconate products had median MICs of 1:320 and 1:160. Three essential oil-containing shampoos (MBC 1:40), the zinc gluconate (MBC 1:40), and the chlorhexidine (MBC 1:64,000 [0.625 µg/mL]) reached an MBC. For PA, essential oil-containing products showed median MICs of 1:30 and 1:80. The zinc-gluconate products had a median MIC of 1:160, whereas the chlorhexidine shampoo had a median MIC of 1:4,000 (10 µg/mL). Only the zinc-gluconate products (MBC 1:80) and the chlorhexidine shampoo (MBC 1:2,000 [20 µg/mL]) reached an MBC. For MP, essential oil-containing and zinc-gluconate products showed lower median MICs (1:4,800 and 7,200) for shampoos compared with other formulations (1:160 and 1:320), whereas the chlorhexidine shampoo had a median MIC of 1:80,000 (0.5 µg/mL). These results suggest that natural topical compounds can be an effective alternative to treat skin infections in companion animals. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
皮肤感染是人类和动物常见的并发症。由于耐多药(MDR)皮肤感染的发病率越来越高,人们建议用精油作为传统抗菌剂的潜在替代品。本研究的目的是评估含有精油、葡萄糖酸锌或 4% 洗必泰的市售产品的最低抑菌和杀菌/杀真菌浓度(MIC 和 MBC/MFC)。对临床分离出的 MDR 假中间葡萄球菌(MDR-SP;n = 10)、铜绿假单胞菌(PA;n = 10)和马拉色菌(MP;n = 10)进行了微流稀释技术处理。对于 MDR-SP,含精油产品的 MIC 中位数分别为 1:240 和 1:320。洗必泰洗发水的 MIC 值为 1:128,000(0.312 µg/mL),而葡萄糖酸锌产品的中位 MIC 值为 1:320 和 1:160。三种含精油的洗发水(MBC 1:40)、葡萄糖酸锌(MBC 1:40)和洗必泰(MBC 1:64,000 [0.625 µg/mL])达到了 MBC。就 PA 而言,含精油产品的 MIC 中位数分别为 1:30 和 1:80。葡萄糖酸锌产品的 MIC 中位数为 1:160,而洗必泰洗发水的 MIC 中位数为 1:4,000(10 µg/mL)。只有葡萄糖酸锌产品(MBC 1:80)和洗必泰洗发水(MBC 1:2,000 [20 µg/mL])达到了 MBC。就 MP 而言,与其他配方(1:160 和 1:320)相比,含精油和葡萄糖酸锌产品的洗发水 MIC 中位数较低(1:4800 和 7,200),而洗必泰洗发水的 MIC 中位数为 1:80000(0.5 µg/mL)。这些结果表明,天然外用化合物是治疗伴侣动物皮肤感染的有效替代品。要在临床上证实这项研究的结果,还需要进一步的体内研究。
Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal/fungicidal concentration of commercially available products containing essential oils, zinc gluconate, or 4% chlorhexidine for Malassezia pachydermatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius canine clinical isolates.
Skin infections are common complications in both humans and animals. Because of the increased incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) skin infections, essential oils have been suggested as potential alternatives to the classic antimicrobials. The goal of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MBC/MFC) of commercially available products containing essential oils, zinc gluconate, or 4% chlorhexidine. Microbroth dilution technique was performed on clinical isolates of MDR Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MDR-SP; n = 10), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA; n = 10), and Malassezia pachydermatis (MP; n = 10). For MDR-SP, essential oil-containing products showed median MICs of 1:240 and 1:320. The chlorhexidine shampoo had a MIC of 1:128,000 (0.312 µg/mL), whereas zinc gluconate products had median MICs of 1:320 and 1:160. Three essential oil-containing shampoos (MBC 1:40), the zinc gluconate (MBC 1:40), and the chlorhexidine (MBC 1:64,000 [0.625 µg/mL]) reached an MBC. For PA, essential oil-containing products showed median MICs of 1:30 and 1:80. The zinc-gluconate products had a median MIC of 1:160, whereas the chlorhexidine shampoo had a median MIC of 1:4,000 (10 µg/mL). Only the zinc-gluconate products (MBC 1:80) and the chlorhexidine shampoo (MBC 1:2,000 [20 µg/mL]) reached an MBC. For MP, essential oil-containing and zinc-gluconate products showed lower median MICs (1:4,800 and 7,200) for shampoos compared with other formulations (1:160 and 1:320), whereas the chlorhexidine shampoo had a median MIC of 1:80,000 (0.5 µg/mL). These results suggest that natural topical compounds can be an effective alternative to treat skin infections in companion animals. Further in vivo studies are needed to clinically confirm this study's results.
期刊介绍:
Veterinary Research Communications publishes fully refereed research articles and topical reviews on all aspects of the veterinary sciences. Interdisciplinary articles are particularly encouraged, as are well argued reviews, even if they are somewhat controversial.
The journal is an appropriate medium in which to publish new methods, newly described diseases and new pathological findings, as these are applied to animals. The material should be of international rather than local interest. As it deliberately seeks a wide coverage, Veterinary Research Communications provides its readers with a means of keeping abreast of current developments in the entire field of veterinary science.