Utilization of deep eutectic solvents in the production of high-value compounds from biomass

This review examines the role of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the biorefinery process. It covers the characteristics and classification of two-component DESs, their preparation methods, and their physicochemical properties. The various applications of DES systems in biomass pretreatment, including lignin and hemicellulose removal, production of cellulose nanofibers, and the extraction of proteins, lipids, and phenolic compounds, among others, are explored. The synthesis of platform molecules using DES is also discussed. Finally, this review provides some tools that may be useful for researching the involvement of DES systems in high- or low-biomass biorefineries.