胎盘进化:创新婴儿喂养方式

IF 8.7 1区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102135
Julie C Baker
{"title":"胎盘进化:创新婴儿喂养方式","authors":"Julie C Baker","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102135","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evolution of the placenta was transformative. It changed how offspring are fed during gestation from depositing all the resources into an egg to continually supplying resources throughout gestation. Placental evolution is infinitely complex, with many moving parts, but at the core it is driven by a conflict over resources between the mother and the baby, which sets up a Red Queen race, fueling rapid diversification of morphological, cellular, and genetic forms. Placentas from even closely related species are highly divergent in form and function, and many cellular processes are distinct. If we could extract the entirety of genomic information for placentas across all species, including the many hundreds that have evolved in fish and reptiles, we could find their shared commonality, and that would tell us which of the many pieces really matter. We do not have this information, but we do have clues. Convergent evolution mechanisms were repeatedly used in the placenta, including the intense selective pressure to co-opt an envelope protein to build a multinucleated syncytium, the use of the same hormones and structural proteins in placentas derived from separate embryonic origins that arose hundreds of millions of years apart, and the co-option of endogenous retroviruses to form capsids as a way of transport and as mutagens to form new enhancers. As a result, the placental genome is the Wild West of biology, set up to rapidly change, adapt, and innovate. This ability to adapt facilitated the evolution of big babies with big brains and will continue to support offspring and their mothers in our ever-changing global environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Placental Evolution: Innovating how to Feed Babies.\",\"authors\":\"Julie C Baker\",\"doi\":\"10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102135\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The evolution of the placenta was transformative. It changed how offspring are fed during gestation from depositing all the resources into an egg to continually supplying resources throughout gestation. Placental evolution is infinitely complex, with many moving parts, but at the core it is driven by a conflict over resources between the mother and the baby, which sets up a Red Queen race, fueling rapid diversification of morphological, cellular, and genetic forms. Placentas from even closely related species are highly divergent in form and function, and many cellular processes are distinct. If we could extract the entirety of genomic information for placentas across all species, including the many hundreds that have evolved in fish and reptiles, we could find their shared commonality, and that would tell us which of the many pieces really matter. We do not have this information, but we do have clues. Convergent evolution mechanisms were repeatedly used in the placenta, including the intense selective pressure to co-opt an envelope protein to build a multinucleated syncytium, the use of the same hormones and structural proteins in placentas derived from separate embryonic origins that arose hundreds of millions of years apart, and the co-option of endogenous retroviruses to form capsids as a way of transport and as mutagens to form new enhancers. As a result, the placental genome is the Wild West of biology, set up to rapidly change, adapt, and innovate. This ability to adapt facilitated the evolution of big babies with big brains and will continue to support offspring and their mothers in our ever-changing global environment.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8035,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Annual review of genetics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Annual review of genetics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102135\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"GENETICS & HEREDITY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annual review of genetics","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102135","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GENETICS & HEREDITY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

胎盘的进化是一场变革。它改变了妊娠期喂养后代的方式,从将所有资源存入卵中,到在整个妊娠期不断提供资源。胎盘的进化是无限复杂的,有许多活动的部分,但其核心是由母体和胎儿之间的资源冲突驱动的,这种冲突引发了一场红皇后竞赛,推动了形态、细胞和遗传形式的快速多样化。即使是近亲物种的胎盘在形态和功能上也有很大差异,许多细胞过程也各不相同。如果我们能提取所有物种胎盘的全部基因组信息,包括在鱼类和爬行动物中进化出的数百种胎盘,我们就能找到它们的共同点,从而告诉我们在众多信息中哪些是真正重要的。我们没有这些信息,但我们有线索。聚合进化机制在胎盘中被反复使用,包括在强烈的选择压力下共同采用一种包膜蛋白来构建多核合胞体;在来自不同胚胎起源的胎盘中使用相同的激素和结构蛋白,这些胚胎起源相差数亿年;共同采用内源性逆转录病毒来形成囊壳,作为一种运输方式,并作为突变剂来形成新的增强子。因此,胎盘基因组是生物学中的狂野西部,可以快速变化、适应和创新。这种适应能力促进了大脑袋婴儿的进化,并将继续在不断变化的全球环境中支持后代和他们的母亲。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
Placental Evolution: Innovating how to Feed Babies.

The evolution of the placenta was transformative. It changed how offspring are fed during gestation from depositing all the resources into an egg to continually supplying resources throughout gestation. Placental evolution is infinitely complex, with many moving parts, but at the core it is driven by a conflict over resources between the mother and the baby, which sets up a Red Queen race, fueling rapid diversification of morphological, cellular, and genetic forms. Placentas from even closely related species are highly divergent in form and function, and many cellular processes are distinct. If we could extract the entirety of genomic information for placentas across all species, including the many hundreds that have evolved in fish and reptiles, we could find their shared commonality, and that would tell us which of the many pieces really matter. We do not have this information, but we do have clues. Convergent evolution mechanisms were repeatedly used in the placenta, including the intense selective pressure to co-opt an envelope protein to build a multinucleated syncytium, the use of the same hormones and structural proteins in placentas derived from separate embryonic origins that arose hundreds of millions of years apart, and the co-option of endogenous retroviruses to form capsids as a way of transport and as mutagens to form new enhancers. As a result, the placental genome is the Wild West of biology, set up to rapidly change, adapt, and innovate. This ability to adapt facilitated the evolution of big babies with big brains and will continue to support offspring and their mothers in our ever-changing global environment.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Annual review of genetics
Annual review of genetics 生物-遗传学
CiteScore
18.30
自引率
0.90%
发文量
17
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Genetics, published since 1967, comprehensively covers significant advancements in genetics. It encompasses various areas such as biochemical, behavioral, cell, and developmental genetics, evolutionary and population genetics, chromosome structure and transmission, gene function and expression, mutation and repair, genomics, immunogenetics, and other topics related to the genetics of viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, and humans.
期刊最新文献
The Prokaryotic Roots of Eukaryotic Immune Systems The Nature and Nurture of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Signaling. Cellular, Molecular, and Genetic Mechanisms of Avian Beak Development and Evolution. Integrating the Study of Polyploidy Across Organisms, Tissues, and Disease. Placental Evolution: Innovating how to Feed Babies.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1