用于自然选择和人口统计的种群基因组扫描。

IF 8.7 1区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102651
Xiaoheng Cheng, Matthias Steinrücken
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引用次数: 0

摘要

揭示形成自然种群基因组变异的基本过程是群体遗传学的首要目标。这些过程包括人口效应,如有效种群规模的过去变化或结构化种群之间的基因流动。此外,基因组变异还受到非中性遗传变异选择的影响,例如,通过有益等位基因的适应或维持遗传变异的平衡选择。在本文中,我们将讨论利用种群遗传模型描述这些过程的特征,并回顾在这些模型基础上开发的从现代种群基因组数据集中揭示潜在过程的方法。我们简要讨论了这些方法可用于推断人口统计学或识别特定非中性遗传变异的条件,以及需要谨慎对待的情况。此外,我们还总结了联合推断人口结构和影响全基因组中性变异的选择过程所面临的挑战。
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Population Genomic Scans for Natural Selection and Demography.

Uncovering the fundamental processes that shape genomic variation in natural populations is a primary objective of population genetics. These processes include demographic effects such as past changes in effective population size or gene flow between structured populations. Furthermore, genomic variation is affected by selection on nonneutral genetic variants, for example, through the adaptation of beneficial alleles or balancing selection that maintains genetic variation. In this article, we discuss the characterization of these processes using population genetic models, and we review methods developed on the basis of these models to unravel the underlying processes from modern population genomic data sets. We briefly discuss the conditions in which these approaches can be used to infer demography or identify specific nonneutral genetic variants and cases in which caution is warranted. Moreover, we summarize the challenges of jointly inferring demography and selective processes that affect neutral variation genome-wide.

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来源期刊
Annual review of genetics
Annual review of genetics 生物-遗传学
CiteScore
18.30
自引率
0.90%
发文量
17
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Genetics, published since 1967, comprehensively covers significant advancements in genetics. It encompasses various areas such as biochemical, behavioral, cell, and developmental genetics, evolutionary and population genetics, chromosome structure and transmission, gene function and expression, mutation and repair, genomics, immunogenetics, and other topics related to the genetics of viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, and humans.
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